Will Triazoles Still Be of Importance in Disease Control of <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> in the Future?
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i>, is one of the most important foliar wheat diseases worldwide. Current control strategies of STB rely mainly on fungicides, whereby triazoles (demethylation inhibitors; DMIs) have been the backbone in the control of <...
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doaj-40e0f0ebd4a2484da220e9031346e3a22021-05-31T23:31:19ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-05-011193393310.3390/agronomy11050933Will Triazoles Still Be of Importance in Disease Control of <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> in the Future?Holger Klink0Joseph-Alexander Verreet1Mario Hasler2Tim Birr3Department of Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Institute of Phytopathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Institute of Phytopathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, GermanyLehrfach Variationsstatistik, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Plant Diseases and Crop Protection, Institute of Phytopathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, GermanySeptoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i>, is one of the most important foliar wheat diseases worldwide. Current control strategies of STB rely mainly on fungicides, whereby triazoles (demethylation inhibitors; DMIs) have been the backbone in the control of <i>Z. tritici</i> in the last decades. However, in recent years a gradual loss of sensitivity of <i>Z. tritici</i> to several active ingredients of the triazole group has been reported in several European wheat-growing areas. Nevertheless, a new triazole fungicide, namely, mefentrifluconazole, has recently become available in disease management of STB, which belongs to a completely new triazole subclass, the so-called isopropanol triazoles. In this study, the trend in sensitivity development of <i>Z. tritici</i> towards older triazoles (tebuconazole, prothioconazole, and propiconazole) and the new isopropanol triazole mefentrifluconazole was determined in microtiter assays using <i>Z. tritici</i> field populations isolated in 1999, 2009, 2014, and 2020 in a high-disease-pressure and high-fungicide-input area in northern Germany in order to investigate whether the loss of sensitivity of <i>Z. tritici</i> to older triazoles also applies to mefentrifluconazole. For the three triazole fungicides tebuconazole, prothioconazole and propiconazole, a significant shift towards decreasing sensitivity of <i>Z. tritici</i> field populations was observed from 1999 to 2020, whereas the efficacy of mefentrifluconazole in reducing the in vitro fungal growth by 50% (EC<sub>50</sub>) remained unchanged over the investigated period, demonstrating a stable sensitivity of <i>Z. tritici</i> towards mefentrifluconazole. Although older triazoles are suffering from a loss of sensitivity of <i>Z. tritici</i> field populations due to the selection and spread of less triazole sensitive strains within the <i>Z. tritici</i> population, the efficacy of the new triazole mefentrifluconazole with its unique isopropanol unit was not affected by these changes within the <i>Z. tritici</i> population. Thus, the introduction of such new molecular units could also represent an important contribution for older groups of active ingredients, which previously suffered from a loss of sensitivity.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/933<i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i>Septoria tritici blotchwheatfungicide sensitivityresistancedemethylation inhibitor |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Holger Klink Joseph-Alexander Verreet Mario Hasler Tim Birr |
spellingShingle |
Holger Klink Joseph-Alexander Verreet Mario Hasler Tim Birr Will Triazoles Still Be of Importance in Disease Control of <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> in the Future? Agronomy <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Septoria tritici blotch wheat fungicide sensitivity resistance demethylation inhibitor |
author_facet |
Holger Klink Joseph-Alexander Verreet Mario Hasler Tim Birr |
author_sort |
Holger Klink |
title |
Will Triazoles Still Be of Importance in Disease Control of <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> in the Future? |
title_short |
Will Triazoles Still Be of Importance in Disease Control of <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> in the Future? |
title_full |
Will Triazoles Still Be of Importance in Disease Control of <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> in the Future? |
title_fullStr |
Will Triazoles Still Be of Importance in Disease Control of <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> in the Future? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Will Triazoles Still Be of Importance in Disease Control of <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> in the Future? |
title_sort |
will triazoles still be of importance in disease control of <i>zymoseptoria tritici</i> in the future? |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by <i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i>, is one of the most important foliar wheat diseases worldwide. Current control strategies of STB rely mainly on fungicides, whereby triazoles (demethylation inhibitors; DMIs) have been the backbone in the control of <i>Z. tritici</i> in the last decades. However, in recent years a gradual loss of sensitivity of <i>Z. tritici</i> to several active ingredients of the triazole group has been reported in several European wheat-growing areas. Nevertheless, a new triazole fungicide, namely, mefentrifluconazole, has recently become available in disease management of STB, which belongs to a completely new triazole subclass, the so-called isopropanol triazoles. In this study, the trend in sensitivity development of <i>Z. tritici</i> towards older triazoles (tebuconazole, prothioconazole, and propiconazole) and the new isopropanol triazole mefentrifluconazole was determined in microtiter assays using <i>Z. tritici</i> field populations isolated in 1999, 2009, 2014, and 2020 in a high-disease-pressure and high-fungicide-input area in northern Germany in order to investigate whether the loss of sensitivity of <i>Z. tritici</i> to older triazoles also applies to mefentrifluconazole. For the three triazole fungicides tebuconazole, prothioconazole and propiconazole, a significant shift towards decreasing sensitivity of <i>Z. tritici</i> field populations was observed from 1999 to 2020, whereas the efficacy of mefentrifluconazole in reducing the in vitro fungal growth by 50% (EC<sub>50</sub>) remained unchanged over the investigated period, demonstrating a stable sensitivity of <i>Z. tritici</i> towards mefentrifluconazole. Although older triazoles are suffering from a loss of sensitivity of <i>Z. tritici</i> field populations due to the selection and spread of less triazole sensitive strains within the <i>Z. tritici</i> population, the efficacy of the new triazole mefentrifluconazole with its unique isopropanol unit was not affected by these changes within the <i>Z. tritici</i> population. Thus, the introduction of such new molecular units could also represent an important contribution for older groups of active ingredients, which previously suffered from a loss of sensitivity. |
topic |
<i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i> Septoria tritici blotch wheat fungicide sensitivity resistance demethylation inhibitor |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/933 |
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