Cross-Protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause Analysis
With the introduction of HTTP/3, whose transport is no longer the traditional TCP protocol but the novel QUIC protocol, research for solutions to the unfairness of Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (HAS) has become more challenging. In other words, because of different transport layers, the HTTP/3 may no...
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doaj-41149c04446c44dbacca1177a4ec20632021-08-06T15:21:01ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922021-07-01101755175510.3390/electronics10151755Cross-Protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause AnalysisChanh Minh Tran0Tho Nguyen Duc1Phan Xuan Tan2Eiji Kamioka3Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanGraduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanDepartment of Information and Communications Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanGraduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanWith the introduction of HTTP/3, whose transport is no longer the traditional TCP protocol but the novel QUIC protocol, research for solutions to the unfairness of Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (HAS) has become more challenging. In other words, because of different transport layers, the HTTP/3 may not be available for some networks and the clients have to use HTTP/2 for their HAS applications instead. Therefore, the scenario in which HAS over HTTP/3 (HAS/3) competes against HTTP/2 (HAS/2) must be considered seriously. However, there has been a shortage of investigations on the performance and the origin of the unfairness in such a cross-protocol scenario in order to produce proper solutions. Therefore, this paper provides a performance evaluation and root-cause analysis of the cross-protocol unfairness between HAS/3 and HAS/2. It is concluded that, due to differences in the congestion control mechanisms of QUIC and TCP, HAS/3 clients obtain larger congestion windows, thus requesting higher video bitrates than HAS/2. As the problem lies in the transport layer, existing client-side ABR-based solutions for the unfairness from the application layer may perform suboptimally for the cross-protocol case.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/15/1755adaptive streamingHTTP/3QUICcross-protocolunfairnesscongestion control |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chanh Minh Tran Tho Nguyen Duc Phan Xuan Tan Eiji Kamioka |
spellingShingle |
Chanh Minh Tran Tho Nguyen Duc Phan Xuan Tan Eiji Kamioka Cross-Protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause Analysis Electronics adaptive streaming HTTP/3 QUIC cross-protocol unfairness congestion control |
author_facet |
Chanh Minh Tran Tho Nguyen Duc Phan Xuan Tan Eiji Kamioka |
author_sort |
Chanh Minh Tran |
title |
Cross-Protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause Analysis |
title_short |
Cross-Protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause Analysis |
title_full |
Cross-Protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause Analysis |
title_fullStr |
Cross-Protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cross-Protocol Unfairness between Adaptive Streaming Clients over HTTP/3 and HTTP/2: A Root-Cause Analysis |
title_sort |
cross-protocol unfairness between adaptive streaming clients over http/3 and http/2: a root-cause analysis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Electronics |
issn |
2079-9292 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
With the introduction of HTTP/3, whose transport is no longer the traditional TCP protocol but the novel QUIC protocol, research for solutions to the unfairness of Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (HAS) has become more challenging. In other words, because of different transport layers, the HTTP/3 may not be available for some networks and the clients have to use HTTP/2 for their HAS applications instead. Therefore, the scenario in which HAS over HTTP/3 (HAS/3) competes against HTTP/2 (HAS/2) must be considered seriously. However, there has been a shortage of investigations on the performance and the origin of the unfairness in such a cross-protocol scenario in order to produce proper solutions. Therefore, this paper provides a performance evaluation and root-cause analysis of the cross-protocol unfairness between HAS/3 and HAS/2. It is concluded that, due to differences in the congestion control mechanisms of QUIC and TCP, HAS/3 clients obtain larger congestion windows, thus requesting higher video bitrates than HAS/2. As the problem lies in the transport layer, existing client-side ABR-based solutions for the unfairness from the application layer may perform suboptimally for the cross-protocol case. |
topic |
adaptive streaming HTTP/3 QUIC cross-protocol unfairness congestion control |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/15/1755 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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