Microdialysis on Ex Vivo Porcine Ear Skin Can Validly Study Dermal Penetration including the Fraction of Transfollicular Penetration—Demonstrated on Caffeine Nanocrystals
Common ex vivo methods for penetration investigations often fail to monitor transfollicular penetration appropriately. In the present investigation, the validity of dermal microdialysis on the ex vivo porcine ear skin to investigate penetration kinetics, including transfollicular penetration, was st...
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doaj-415d0527e81146ebb3ae2872e742e62f2021-09-26T00:49:17ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-09-01112387238710.3390/nano11092387Microdialysis on Ex Vivo Porcine Ear Skin Can Validly Study Dermal Penetration including the Fraction of Transfollicular Penetration—Demonstrated on Caffeine NanocrystalsAnna Lena Klein0Markus Lubda1David Specht2Sung-Min Pyo3Loris Busch4Jürgen Lademann5Martina C. Meinke6Ingeborg Beckers7Jörg von Hagen8Cornelia M. Keck9Alexa Patzelt10Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, GermanyMerck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität, 35037 Marburg, GermanyBASF SE, R&D Pharma Ingredients, 67063 Ludwigshafen, GermanyCenter of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, GermanyCenter of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, GermanyCenter of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, GermanyDepartment II, Beuth University of Applied Sciences, 13353 Berlin, GermanyMerck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, GermanyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität, 35037 Marburg, GermanyCenter of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, GermanyCommon ex vivo methods for penetration investigations often fail to monitor transfollicular penetration appropriately. In the present investigation, the validity of dermal microdialysis on the ex vivo porcine ear skin to investigate penetration kinetics, including transfollicular penetration, was studied. In setup A, a caffeine nanocrystal formulation was compared to a non-particular caffeine gel formulation. In setup B, two caffeine nanocrystal formulations of different sizes (200 nm, 700 nm) were compared to each other. Microdialysis samples were collected for 46 h. After sampling, the skin layers were separated, homogenized, and caffeine was quantified in all samples. In setup A the area under the curve (AUC) after crystal gel formulation application was 12 times higher than after non-particular formulation application. Setup B showed an increased AUC of 42% in the microdialysis data when the 700 nm caffeine crystals were applied compared to the 200 nm crystals. The microdialysis data was supported by the separation, homogenization and extraction data. Microdialysis performed on ex vivo porcine ear skin is a novel experimental setup. It is of high interest for further investigations since it is able to also capture the impact of follicular and transfollicular penetration kinetics as no other ex vivo setup can.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2387transfollicular penetrationmicrodialysisIVIVCcaffeinedrug delivery systemnanotechnology |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anna Lena Klein Markus Lubda David Specht Sung-Min Pyo Loris Busch Jürgen Lademann Martina C. Meinke Ingeborg Beckers Jörg von Hagen Cornelia M. Keck Alexa Patzelt |
spellingShingle |
Anna Lena Klein Markus Lubda David Specht Sung-Min Pyo Loris Busch Jürgen Lademann Martina C. Meinke Ingeborg Beckers Jörg von Hagen Cornelia M. Keck Alexa Patzelt Microdialysis on Ex Vivo Porcine Ear Skin Can Validly Study Dermal Penetration including the Fraction of Transfollicular Penetration—Demonstrated on Caffeine Nanocrystals Nanomaterials transfollicular penetration microdialysis IVIVC caffeine drug delivery system nanotechnology |
author_facet |
Anna Lena Klein Markus Lubda David Specht Sung-Min Pyo Loris Busch Jürgen Lademann Martina C. Meinke Ingeborg Beckers Jörg von Hagen Cornelia M. Keck Alexa Patzelt |
author_sort |
Anna Lena Klein |
title |
Microdialysis on Ex Vivo Porcine Ear Skin Can Validly Study Dermal Penetration including the Fraction of Transfollicular Penetration—Demonstrated on Caffeine Nanocrystals |
title_short |
Microdialysis on Ex Vivo Porcine Ear Skin Can Validly Study Dermal Penetration including the Fraction of Transfollicular Penetration—Demonstrated on Caffeine Nanocrystals |
title_full |
Microdialysis on Ex Vivo Porcine Ear Skin Can Validly Study Dermal Penetration including the Fraction of Transfollicular Penetration—Demonstrated on Caffeine Nanocrystals |
title_fullStr |
Microdialysis on Ex Vivo Porcine Ear Skin Can Validly Study Dermal Penetration including the Fraction of Transfollicular Penetration—Demonstrated on Caffeine Nanocrystals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microdialysis on Ex Vivo Porcine Ear Skin Can Validly Study Dermal Penetration including the Fraction of Transfollicular Penetration—Demonstrated on Caffeine Nanocrystals |
title_sort |
microdialysis on ex vivo porcine ear skin can validly study dermal penetration including the fraction of transfollicular penetration—demonstrated on caffeine nanocrystals |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nanomaterials |
issn |
2079-4991 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Common ex vivo methods for penetration investigations often fail to monitor transfollicular penetration appropriately. In the present investigation, the validity of dermal microdialysis on the ex vivo porcine ear skin to investigate penetration kinetics, including transfollicular penetration, was studied. In setup A, a caffeine nanocrystal formulation was compared to a non-particular caffeine gel formulation. In setup B, two caffeine nanocrystal formulations of different sizes (200 nm, 700 nm) were compared to each other. Microdialysis samples were collected for 46 h. After sampling, the skin layers were separated, homogenized, and caffeine was quantified in all samples. In setup A the area under the curve (AUC) after crystal gel formulation application was 12 times higher than after non-particular formulation application. Setup B showed an increased AUC of 42% in the microdialysis data when the 700 nm caffeine crystals were applied compared to the 200 nm crystals. The microdialysis data was supported by the separation, homogenization and extraction data. Microdialysis performed on ex vivo porcine ear skin is a novel experimental setup. It is of high interest for further investigations since it is able to also capture the impact of follicular and transfollicular penetration kinetics as no other ex vivo setup can. |
topic |
transfollicular penetration microdialysis IVIVC caffeine drug delivery system nanotechnology |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2387 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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