Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Abha City, South Western Saudi Arabia
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Using a cross-sectional study design, a representative sample of 245 T2DM pati...
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doaj-41664c309a174b94a163801369dcb1692020-11-24T22:37:33ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012018-11-011511252110.3390/ijerph15112521ijerph15112521Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Abha City, South Western Saudi ArabiaAbdullah A. Alsabaani0Ahmed A. Mahfouz1Nabil J. Awadalla2Mustafa Jafar Musa3Suliman M. Al Humayed4Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Using a cross-sectional study design, a representative sample of 245 T2DM patients were recruited from all primary healthcare centers in Abha city. A detailed medical history as well as laboratory investigations were done. NAFLD was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasound examination. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 72.8% (95% CI: 66.6%⁻78.1%). In a multivariable regression analysis, the risk of NAFLD was significantly higher among overweight T2DM patients (aOR = 6.112, 95% CI: 1.529⁻4.432), Obese (aOR = 10.455, 95% CI: 2.645⁻41.326), with high ALT of more than 12 IU/L (aOR = 2.335, 95% CI: 1.096⁻5.062), moderate diet-compliant patients (aOR = 2.413, 95% CI: 1.003⁻5.805) and poor diet-compliant patients (aOR = 6.562, 95% CI: 2.056⁻20.967). On the other hand, high HDL (high density cholesterol) (in mg/dL) was a protective factor for NAFLD (aOR = 0.044, 95% CI: 0.005⁻0.365). It was concluded that NAFLD is a common association of T2DM. Increasing BMI (Body mass index), lower HDL level, and poor dietary control are significant factors associated with NAFLD among T2DM patients. Health education to improve dietary control and avoid excessive weight gain, testing for NAFLD among diabetic patients, especially those with abnormal BMI and HDL, are recommended for early detection and to ensure optimal levels of HDL.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/11/2521non-alcoholic fatty liver diseasetype-2 diabetes mellitusSaudi Arabia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Abdullah A. Alsabaani Ahmed A. Mahfouz Nabil J. Awadalla Mustafa Jafar Musa Suliman M. Al Humayed |
spellingShingle |
Abdullah A. Alsabaani Ahmed A. Mahfouz Nabil J. Awadalla Mustafa Jafar Musa Suliman M. Al Humayed Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Abha City, South Western Saudi Arabia International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health non-alcoholic fatty liver disease type-2 diabetes mellitus Saudi Arabia |
author_facet |
Abdullah A. Alsabaani Ahmed A. Mahfouz Nabil J. Awadalla Mustafa Jafar Musa Suliman M. Al Humayed |
author_sort |
Abdullah A. Alsabaani |
title |
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Abha City, South Western Saudi Arabia |
title_short |
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Abha City, South Western Saudi Arabia |
title_full |
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Abha City, South Western Saudi Arabia |
title_fullStr |
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Abha City, South Western Saudi Arabia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Abha City, South Western Saudi Arabia |
title_sort |
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in abha city, south western saudi arabia |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Using a cross-sectional study design, a representative sample of 245 T2DM patients were recruited from all primary healthcare centers in Abha city. A detailed medical history as well as laboratory investigations were done. NAFLD was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasound examination. The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 72.8% (95% CI: 66.6%⁻78.1%). In a multivariable regression analysis, the risk of NAFLD was significantly higher among overweight T2DM patients (aOR = 6.112, 95% CI: 1.529⁻4.432), Obese (aOR = 10.455, 95% CI: 2.645⁻41.326), with high ALT of more than 12 IU/L (aOR = 2.335, 95% CI: 1.096⁻5.062), moderate diet-compliant patients (aOR = 2.413, 95% CI: 1.003⁻5.805) and poor diet-compliant patients (aOR = 6.562, 95% CI: 2.056⁻20.967). On the other hand, high HDL (high density cholesterol) (in mg/dL) was a protective factor for NAFLD (aOR = 0.044, 95% CI: 0.005⁻0.365). It was concluded that NAFLD is a common association of T2DM. Increasing BMI (Body mass index), lower HDL level, and poor dietary control are significant factors associated with NAFLD among T2DM patients. Health education to improve dietary control and avoid excessive weight gain, testing for NAFLD among diabetic patients, especially those with abnormal BMI and HDL, are recommended for early detection and to ensure optimal levels of HDL. |
topic |
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease type-2 diabetes mellitus Saudi Arabia |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/11/2521 |
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