High SPIN4 Expression Is Linked to Advanced Nodal Status and Inferior Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes, is a malignancy derived from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. Despite its sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy, NPC has a high propensity for recurrence and metastasis. Although lymph node levels have been indic...
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doaj-41e061c20d564cf6a71ea2b56da205412021-09-26T00:34:13ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292021-09-011191291210.3390/life11090912High SPIN4 Expression Is Linked to Advanced Nodal Status and Inferior Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma PatientsShih-Lun Chang0Ti-Chun Chan1Tzu-Ju Chen2Ching-Chieh Yang3Hsin-Hwa Tsai4Cheng-Fa Yeh5Sung-Wei Lee6Hong-Yue Lai7Department of Otolaryngology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, TaiwanDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, TaiwanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, TaiwanDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying 736, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, TaiwanNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes, is a malignancy derived from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. Despite its sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy, NPC has a high propensity for recurrence and metastasis. Although lymph node levels have been indicated as an independent prognostic factor for NPC, there has been no precise prognostic biomarker to predict clinical outcomes for NPC before advanced disease. In the present study, we surveyed differentially expressed genes in NPC via the next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based Oncomine database and identified the spindlin family member 4 (<i>SPIN4</i>) gene as the most relevant to advanced nodal status. We collected 124 tumor samples from NPC patients receiving biopsy, and the expression level of SPIN4 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that tumors with high SPIN4 expression were significantly correlated with advanced nodal status (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and advanced AJCC stages (<i>p</i> < 0.001). High SPIN4 expression in tumor samples was an unfavorable prognostic factor for all three endpoints at the univariate level: disease-specific survival (DSS), distal metastasis-free survival (DMeFS), and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). High SPIN4 expression remained independently prognostic of worse DMeFS (<i>p</i> = 0.049) at the multivariate level. Using bioinformatics analysis, we further found that high <i>SPIN4</i> level may link tight junctions to cancer cell survival. Collectively, these results imply that high SPIN4 expression is linked to an aggressive clinical course, including advanced nodal status and poor survival in NPC patients, emphasizing the promising prognostic utility of SPIN4 expression.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/9/912nasopharyngeal carcinomaadvanced nodal status<i>SPIN4</i>tight junctionprognostic biomarker |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shih-Lun Chang Ti-Chun Chan Tzu-Ju Chen Ching-Chieh Yang Hsin-Hwa Tsai Cheng-Fa Yeh Sung-Wei Lee Hong-Yue Lai |
spellingShingle |
Shih-Lun Chang Ti-Chun Chan Tzu-Ju Chen Ching-Chieh Yang Hsin-Hwa Tsai Cheng-Fa Yeh Sung-Wei Lee Hong-Yue Lai High SPIN4 Expression Is Linked to Advanced Nodal Status and Inferior Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Life nasopharyngeal carcinoma advanced nodal status <i>SPIN4</i> tight junction prognostic biomarker |
author_facet |
Shih-Lun Chang Ti-Chun Chan Tzu-Ju Chen Ching-Chieh Yang Hsin-Hwa Tsai Cheng-Fa Yeh Sung-Wei Lee Hong-Yue Lai |
author_sort |
Shih-Lun Chang |
title |
High SPIN4 Expression Is Linked to Advanced Nodal Status and Inferior Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients |
title_short |
High SPIN4 Expression Is Linked to Advanced Nodal Status and Inferior Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients |
title_full |
High SPIN4 Expression Is Linked to Advanced Nodal Status and Inferior Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients |
title_fullStr |
High SPIN4 Expression Is Linked to Advanced Nodal Status and Inferior Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients |
title_full_unstemmed |
High SPIN4 Expression Is Linked to Advanced Nodal Status and Inferior Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients |
title_sort |
high spin4 expression is linked to advanced nodal status and inferior prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Life |
issn |
2075-1729 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes, is a malignancy derived from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. Despite its sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy, NPC has a high propensity for recurrence and metastasis. Although lymph node levels have been indicated as an independent prognostic factor for NPC, there has been no precise prognostic biomarker to predict clinical outcomes for NPC before advanced disease. In the present study, we surveyed differentially expressed genes in NPC via the next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based Oncomine database and identified the spindlin family member 4 (<i>SPIN4</i>) gene as the most relevant to advanced nodal status. We collected 124 tumor samples from NPC patients receiving biopsy, and the expression level of SPIN4 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that tumors with high SPIN4 expression were significantly correlated with advanced nodal status (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and advanced AJCC stages (<i>p</i> < 0.001). High SPIN4 expression in tumor samples was an unfavorable prognostic factor for all three endpoints at the univariate level: disease-specific survival (DSS), distal metastasis-free survival (DMeFS), and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). High SPIN4 expression remained independently prognostic of worse DMeFS (<i>p</i> = 0.049) at the multivariate level. Using bioinformatics analysis, we further found that high <i>SPIN4</i> level may link tight junctions to cancer cell survival. Collectively, these results imply that high SPIN4 expression is linked to an aggressive clinical course, including advanced nodal status and poor survival in NPC patients, emphasizing the promising prognostic utility of SPIN4 expression. |
topic |
nasopharyngeal carcinoma advanced nodal status <i>SPIN4</i> tight junction prognostic biomarker |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/11/9/912 |
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