| Summary: | Abstract Objective To explore the promising use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods Studies reporting MSC treatment on UC were searched on five databases. Methodological quality was assessed based on the SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias (RoB) tool and MINORS tool. Data analysis was conducted using Engauge Digitizer 10.8 and Stata 14.0. Results A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria including 8 animal (n = 132) and 7 human (n = 216) trials. In animal studies, mice treated with MSCs had significantly lower disease activity index (DAI) than that in the control group: the 1st day (standardized mean difference (SMD) − 0.753, p = 0.027), the 3rd day (SMD − 1.634, p = 0.000), the 5th day (SMD − 2.124, p = 0.000), the 7th day (SMD − 5.327, p = 0.000), the 9th day (SMD − 2.979, p = 0.000), and the 14th day (SMD − 5.032, p = 0.000). Lower histopathological score (HS) (SMD − 5.15, p < 0.05) and longer colon length (SMD 2.147, p = 0.001) in mice treated with MSCs were also indicated. The main outcome in clinical trials showed, compared with control group, healing rate of patients accompanied by MSC therapy elevated obviously: MSCs vs 5-aminosalicylic acids (5-ASA) (RR = 2.317, p = 0.000) and MSCs + 5-ASA vs placebo + 5-ASA (RR = 5.118). The analytical data in 4 trials conducted with single-arm studies also demonstrated increased healing rate (0.787) after MSC treatment (p = 0.000). Conclusion Our meta-analysis results supported that MSCs could be an underlying method of treating UC.
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