Processing of Donor Human Milk: Update and Recommendations From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA)
Background: A mother's own milk (MOM) is the gold standard for the feeding and nutrition of preterm and full term infants. When MOM is not available or there is not enough, donor human milk (DHM) should be used. Milk delivered to Human Milk Banks (HMBs) should be pasteurized to inactivate viral...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-02-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2019.00049/full |
id |
doaj-4361b57d7f464bc9a4cc9eda65812ff2 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Guido E. Moro Claude Billeaud Buffin Rachel Javier Calvo Laura Cavallarin Lukas Christen Diana Escuder-Vieco Antoni Gaya David Lembo Aleksandra Wesolowska Sertac Arslanoglu Debbie Barnett Enrico Bertino Clair-Yves Boquien Corinna Gebauer Anne Grovslien Gillian A. Weaver Jean-Charles Picaud Jean-Charles Picaud |
spellingShingle |
Guido E. Moro Claude Billeaud Buffin Rachel Javier Calvo Laura Cavallarin Lukas Christen Diana Escuder-Vieco Antoni Gaya David Lembo Aleksandra Wesolowska Sertac Arslanoglu Debbie Barnett Enrico Bertino Clair-Yves Boquien Corinna Gebauer Anne Grovslien Gillian A. Weaver Jean-Charles Picaud Jean-Charles Picaud Processing of Donor Human Milk: Update and Recommendations From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) Frontiers in Pediatrics processing of human milk donor human milk human milk human milk bank preterm infants infant nutrition |
author_facet |
Guido E. Moro Claude Billeaud Buffin Rachel Javier Calvo Laura Cavallarin Lukas Christen Diana Escuder-Vieco Antoni Gaya David Lembo Aleksandra Wesolowska Sertac Arslanoglu Debbie Barnett Enrico Bertino Clair-Yves Boquien Corinna Gebauer Anne Grovslien Gillian A. Weaver Jean-Charles Picaud Jean-Charles Picaud |
author_sort |
Guido E. Moro |
title |
Processing of Donor Human Milk: Update and Recommendations From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) |
title_short |
Processing of Donor Human Milk: Update and Recommendations From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) |
title_full |
Processing of Donor Human Milk: Update and Recommendations From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) |
title_fullStr |
Processing of Donor Human Milk: Update and Recommendations From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Processing of Donor Human Milk: Update and Recommendations From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA) |
title_sort |
processing of donor human milk: update and recommendations from the european milk bank association (emba) |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Pediatrics |
issn |
2296-2360 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Background: A mother's own milk (MOM) is the gold standard for the feeding and nutrition of preterm and full term infants. When MOM is not available or there is not enough, donor human milk (DHM) should be used. Milk delivered to Human Milk Banks (HMBs) should be pasteurized to inactivate viral and bacterial agents. Currently, a pasteurization process at 62.5°C for 30 min (Holder pasteurization, HoP) is recommended in all international HMBs guidelines.State of the art: It is known that HoP affects some of the nutritional and biological components of human milk. Studies have demonstrated that temperature cycle in HoP is not always controlled or calibrated. A better check of these parameters in the pasteurizers on the market today may contribute to an improvement of the quality of HM, still maintaining some of the negative effects of the heat treatment of human milk. So, food industry, and dairy industry in particular, are evaluating innovative methodologies alternative to HoP to better preserve the nutritional and biological properties of fresh human milk, while assuring at least the same microbiological safety of HoP. The most studied processing techniques include High-Temperature-Short-Time (HTST) pasteurization, High Pressure Processing (HPP), and Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation. HTST is a thermal process in which milk is forced between plates or pipes that are heated on the outside by hot water at a temperature of 72°C for 5–15 s. HPP is a non-thermal processing method that can be applied to solid and liquid foods. This technology inactivates pathogenic microorganisms by applying a high hydrostatic pressure (usually 300–800 MPa) during short-term treatments (<5–10 min). UV irradiation utilizes short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation in the UV-C region (200–280 nm), which is harmful to microorganisms. It is effective in destroying the nucleic acids in these organisms, so that their DNA is disrupted by UV radiation.Aim: The aim of this paper is to present the EMBA recommendations on processing of HM, based on the most recent results obtained with these new technologies.Conclusions: Although research on the most promising technologies that will represent an alternative to HoP (HTST, HPP, UV-C) in the future is progressing, it is now important to recognize that the consistency and quality assurance of the pasteurizers on the market today represent a fundamental component that was previously lacking in the Holder approach. |
topic |
processing of human milk donor human milk human milk human milk bank preterm infants infant nutrition |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2019.00049/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT guidoemoro processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT claudebilleaud processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT buffinrachel processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT javiercalvo processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT lauracavallarin processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT lukaschristen processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT dianaescudervieco processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT antonigaya processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT davidlembo processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT aleksandrawesolowska processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT sertacarslanoglu processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT debbiebarnett processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT enricobertino processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT clairyvesboquien processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT corinnagebauer processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT annegrovslien processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT gillianaweaver processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT jeancharlespicaud processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba AT jeancharlespicaud processingofdonorhumanmilkupdateandrecommendationsfromtheeuropeanmilkbankassociationemba |
_version_ |
1724756577609580544 |
spelling |
doaj-4361b57d7f464bc9a4cc9eda65812ff22020-11-25T02:46:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602019-02-01710.3389/fped.2019.00049420362Processing of Donor Human Milk: Update and Recommendations From the European Milk Bank Association (EMBA)Guido E. Moro0Claude Billeaud1Buffin Rachel2Javier Calvo3Laura Cavallarin4Lukas Christen5Diana Escuder-Vieco6Antoni Gaya7David Lembo8Aleksandra Wesolowska9Sertac Arslanoglu10Debbie Barnett11Enrico Bertino12Clair-Yves Boquien13Corinna Gebauer14Anne Grovslien15Gillian A. Weaver16Jean-Charles Picaud17Jean-Charles Picaud18Associazione Italiana delle Banche del Latte Umano Donato, Milan, ItalyNeonatology Nutrition, Lactarium Bordeaux-Marmande, CIC Pédiatrique 1401 Children's Hospital, Bordeaux, FranceLactarium Auvergne Rhone Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, FranceFundació Banc Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, SpainInstitute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Turin, ItalyCARAG AG, Baar, SwitzerlandBanco Regional de Leche Materna, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, SpainFundació Banc Sang i Teixits de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, SpainLaboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, ItalyDepartment of Neonatology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland0Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey1Greater Glasgow and Cycle Donor Milk Bank, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom2Neonatal Unit of Turin University, City of Health and Science, Turin, Italy3PhAN, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France4Abteilung Neonatologie Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Leipzig, Germany5Breast Milk Bank, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway6The Milk Bank, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United KingdomLactarium Auvergne Rhone Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France7CarMeN Unit, INSERM U1397, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, FranceBackground: A mother's own milk (MOM) is the gold standard for the feeding and nutrition of preterm and full term infants. When MOM is not available or there is not enough, donor human milk (DHM) should be used. Milk delivered to Human Milk Banks (HMBs) should be pasteurized to inactivate viral and bacterial agents. Currently, a pasteurization process at 62.5°C for 30 min (Holder pasteurization, HoP) is recommended in all international HMBs guidelines.State of the art: It is known that HoP affects some of the nutritional and biological components of human milk. Studies have demonstrated that temperature cycle in HoP is not always controlled or calibrated. A better check of these parameters in the pasteurizers on the market today may contribute to an improvement of the quality of HM, still maintaining some of the negative effects of the heat treatment of human milk. So, food industry, and dairy industry in particular, are evaluating innovative methodologies alternative to HoP to better preserve the nutritional and biological properties of fresh human milk, while assuring at least the same microbiological safety of HoP. The most studied processing techniques include High-Temperature-Short-Time (HTST) pasteurization, High Pressure Processing (HPP), and Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation. HTST is a thermal process in which milk is forced between plates or pipes that are heated on the outside by hot water at a temperature of 72°C for 5–15 s. HPP is a non-thermal processing method that can be applied to solid and liquid foods. This technology inactivates pathogenic microorganisms by applying a high hydrostatic pressure (usually 300–800 MPa) during short-term treatments (<5–10 min). UV irradiation utilizes short-wavelength ultraviolet radiation in the UV-C region (200–280 nm), which is harmful to microorganisms. It is effective in destroying the nucleic acids in these organisms, so that their DNA is disrupted by UV radiation.Aim: The aim of this paper is to present the EMBA recommendations on processing of HM, based on the most recent results obtained with these new technologies.Conclusions: Although research on the most promising technologies that will represent an alternative to HoP (HTST, HPP, UV-C) in the future is progressing, it is now important to recognize that the consistency and quality assurance of the pasteurizers on the market today represent a fundamental component that was previously lacking in the Holder approach.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2019.00049/fullprocessing of human milkdonor human milkhuman milkhuman milk bankpreterm infantsinfant nutrition |