Impact of chronic HIV/SIV infection on T follicular helper cell subsets and germinal center homeostasis
The discovery of broad and potent HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) has renewed optimism for developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1. The generation of most bNAbs requires multiple rounds of B cell receptor (BcR) affinity maturation, suggesting a crucial role of follicular helper T (Tfh) c...
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doaj-438709bf7a064368b4e7913387e692942020-11-24T22:13:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242016-11-01710.3389/fimmu.2016.00501228271Impact of chronic HIV/SIV infection on T follicular helper cell subsets and germinal center homeostasisStéphanie Graff-Dubois0Angeline Rouers1Arnaud Moris2Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections– CIMI - Paris,F - 75013,Paris,France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255,Centerfor Immunology and Microbial Infections– CIMI -Paris,F 75013,Paris,France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL 8255,Center or Immunology and Microbial Infections– CIMI - Paris,F - 75013,Paris,FranceThe discovery of broad and potent HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) has renewed optimism for developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1. The generation of most bNAbs requires multiple rounds of B cell receptor (BcR) affinity maturation, suggesting a crucial role of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in their production. However, less than 1% of HIV-infected patients develop bNAbs that arise late in the course of infection, indicating probable Tfh and B cell dysfunctions in this context. Since the last few years and despite their low abundance, Tfh cells have been studied in the lymph nodes and spleen of individuals with HIV infection and of macaques experimentally infected with SIV. Various lymphoid Tfh cell subsets have been characterized, including pre Tfh (pTfh), germinal center Tfh (GC Tfh) and the regulatory counterpart of Tfh cells, the so-called follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells. The latter have been reported to play a crucial role in the control of T and B cell crosstalk and germinal center reactions. More recently, circulating Tfh-like cells (cTfh) have been identified. Meanwhile, advances in single-cell technologies have made possible to analyze the transcriptional profiles of low abundant cells such as Tfh populations. Using transcriptional signatures, we review here the impact of chronic SIV/HIV infection on Tfh, GC Tfh, pTfh and cTfh differentiation and helper T cell functions with regard to their capacity to induce efficient B cell maturation. We will explore some hypothesis to explain the increased proportion of Tfh cells reported in chronically infected individuals and the impact on HIV pathogenesis.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00501/fullHIVSIVGerminal center formationTfh cell dynamicsTfh cell differentition |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Stéphanie Graff-Dubois Angeline Rouers Arnaud Moris |
spellingShingle |
Stéphanie Graff-Dubois Angeline Rouers Arnaud Moris Impact of chronic HIV/SIV infection on T follicular helper cell subsets and germinal center homeostasis Frontiers in Immunology HIV SIV Germinal center formation Tfh cell dynamics Tfh cell differentition |
author_facet |
Stéphanie Graff-Dubois Angeline Rouers Arnaud Moris |
author_sort |
Stéphanie Graff-Dubois |
title |
Impact of chronic HIV/SIV infection on T follicular helper cell subsets and germinal center homeostasis |
title_short |
Impact of chronic HIV/SIV infection on T follicular helper cell subsets and germinal center homeostasis |
title_full |
Impact of chronic HIV/SIV infection on T follicular helper cell subsets and germinal center homeostasis |
title_fullStr |
Impact of chronic HIV/SIV infection on T follicular helper cell subsets and germinal center homeostasis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of chronic HIV/SIV infection on T follicular helper cell subsets and germinal center homeostasis |
title_sort |
impact of chronic hiv/siv infection on t follicular helper cell subsets and germinal center homeostasis |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2016-11-01 |
description |
The discovery of broad and potent HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) has renewed optimism for developing an effective vaccine against HIV-1. The generation of most bNAbs requires multiple rounds of B cell receptor (BcR) affinity maturation, suggesting a crucial role of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in their production. However, less than 1% of HIV-infected patients develop bNAbs that arise late in the course of infection, indicating probable Tfh and B cell dysfunctions in this context. Since the last few years and despite their low abundance, Tfh cells have been studied in the lymph nodes and spleen of individuals with HIV infection and of macaques experimentally infected with SIV. Various lymphoid Tfh cell subsets have been characterized, including pre Tfh (pTfh), germinal center Tfh (GC Tfh) and the regulatory counterpart of Tfh cells, the so-called follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells. The latter have been reported to play a crucial role in the control of T and B cell crosstalk and germinal center reactions. More recently, circulating Tfh-like cells (cTfh) have been identified. Meanwhile, advances in single-cell technologies have made possible to analyze the transcriptional profiles of low abundant cells such as Tfh populations. Using transcriptional signatures, we review here the impact of chronic SIV/HIV infection on Tfh, GC Tfh, pTfh and cTfh differentiation and helper T cell functions with regard to their capacity to induce efficient B cell maturation. We will explore some hypothesis to explain the increased proportion of Tfh cells reported in chronically infected individuals and the impact on HIV pathogenesis. |
topic |
HIV SIV Germinal center formation Tfh cell dynamics Tfh cell differentition |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00501/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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