Adhesive Cements That Bond Soft Tissue Ex Vivo

• Main Authors: Xiuwen Liu, Michael Pujari-Palmer, David Wenner, Philip Procter, Gerard Insley, Håkan Engqvist
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-08-01
• Series: Materials
• Subjects: tissue adhesive; phosphoserine; phosphoserine modified cement; biomaterial; bioceramic; lap shear; bone cement; silicate; calcium phosphate; self-setting
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/15/2473

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the soft tissue bond strength of a newly developed, monomeric, biomimetic, tissue adhesive called phosphoserine modified cement (PMC). Two types of PMCs were evaluated using lap shear strength (LSS) testing, on porcine skin: a calcium metasilicate (CS1), and alpha tricalcium phosphate (αTCP) PMC. CS1 PCM bonded strongly to skin, reaching a peak LSS of 84, 132, and 154 KPa after curing for 0.5, 1.5, and 4 h, respectively. Cyanoacrylate and fibrin glues reached an LSS of 207 kPa and 33 kPa, respectively. αTCP PMCs reached a final LSS of ≈110 kPa. In soft tissues, stronger bond strengths were obtained with αTCP PMCs containing large amounts of amino acid (70−90 mol%), in contrast to prior studies in calcified tissues (30−50 mol%). When αTCP particle size was reduced by wet milling, and for CS1 PMCs, the strongest bonding was obtained with mole ratios of 30−50% phosphoserine. While PM-CPCs behave like stiff ceramics after setting, they bond to soft tissues, and warrant further investigation as tissue adhesives, particularly at the interface between hard and soft tissues.