Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate for enhancement of gasoline performance
This study aimed to investigate the preparation and application of a green chemical (i.e., dimethyl carbonate (DMC)) as an anti-knocking agent for gasoline. Another objective was to study the usage of wastes of eggs as a heterogeneous catalyst in the process. Results of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method...
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doaj-44736d5a7b3e49a582adfd72134e868f2020-11-25T00:32:57ZengElsevierJournal of King Saud University: Engineering Sciences1018-36392019-04-01312171177Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate for enhancement of gasoline performanceKhalid T. Rashid0Khalid Mansour1Mohammad F. Abid2Salah M. Ali3Kadhim N. Abed4Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, P.O. Box 19006, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, P.O. Box 19006, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, P.O. Box 35010, Baghdad, Iraq; Corresponding author.Petroleum Research and Development Center, Ministry of Oil, Baghdad, IraqVocational Education, Ministry of Education, Baghdad, IraqThis study aimed to investigate the preparation and application of a green chemical (i.e., dimethyl carbonate (DMC)) as an anti-knocking agent for gasoline. Another objective was to study the usage of wastes of eggs as a heterogeneous catalyst in the process. Results of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method showed that both the surface area and pore volume of calcined eggshell and pure CaO were of the same order. Results showed that calcined eggshell and pure CaO have almost the same X-ray diffraction images confirming the suitability of eggshell wastes as a heterogeneous catalyst for the preparation of DMC. SEM analysis revealed that the morphology of the CaO nano-particles are spherical shape for the Nanoparticles (NPs) and CaO was determined to be ∼63 nm in size. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra of reaction mixture proved the presence of dimethyl carbamate in the resulting sample. Experimental results indicated that optimum operating parameters for an 80.4% yield of DMC were 9:1 ratio of methanol-to propylene carbonate, 0.8 wt% catalyst, and 2 h of operating time. The blending of DMC with pool gasoline showed a noticeable increase in the octane number compared with other conventional toxic additives. Keywords: Green chemicals, Eggshell wastes, Pool gasoline, Selective additive, Anti-knocking characteristicshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018363918301028 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Khalid T. Rashid Khalid Mansour Mohammad F. Abid Salah M. Ali Kadhim N. Abed |
spellingShingle |
Khalid T. Rashid Khalid Mansour Mohammad F. Abid Salah M. Ali Kadhim N. Abed Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate for enhancement of gasoline performance Journal of King Saud University: Engineering Sciences |
author_facet |
Khalid T. Rashid Khalid Mansour Mohammad F. Abid Salah M. Ali Kadhim N. Abed |
author_sort |
Khalid T. Rashid |
title |
Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate for enhancement of gasoline performance |
title_short |
Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate for enhancement of gasoline performance |
title_full |
Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate for enhancement of gasoline performance |
title_fullStr |
Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate for enhancement of gasoline performance |
title_full_unstemmed |
Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate for enhancement of gasoline performance |
title_sort |
synthesis of dimethyl carbonate for enhancement of gasoline performance |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Journal of King Saud University: Engineering Sciences |
issn |
1018-3639 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
This study aimed to investigate the preparation and application of a green chemical (i.e., dimethyl carbonate (DMC)) as an anti-knocking agent for gasoline. Another objective was to study the usage of wastes of eggs as a heterogeneous catalyst in the process. Results of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method showed that both the surface area and pore volume of calcined eggshell and pure CaO were of the same order. Results showed that calcined eggshell and pure CaO have almost the same X-ray diffraction images confirming the suitability of eggshell wastes as a heterogeneous catalyst for the preparation of DMC. SEM analysis revealed that the morphology of the CaO nano-particles are spherical shape for the Nanoparticles (NPs) and CaO was determined to be ∼63 nm in size. FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra of reaction mixture proved the presence of dimethyl carbamate in the resulting sample. Experimental results indicated that optimum operating parameters for an 80.4% yield of DMC were 9:1 ratio of methanol-to propylene carbonate, 0.8 wt% catalyst, and 2 h of operating time. The blending of DMC with pool gasoline showed a noticeable increase in the octane number compared with other conventional toxic additives. Keywords: Green chemicals, Eggshell wastes, Pool gasoline, Selective additive, Anti-knocking characteristics |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018363918301028 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT khalidtrashid synthesisofdimethylcarbonateforenhancementofgasolineperformance AT khalidmansour synthesisofdimethylcarbonateforenhancementofgasolineperformance AT mohammadfabid synthesisofdimethylcarbonateforenhancementofgasolineperformance AT salahmali synthesisofdimethylcarbonateforenhancementofgasolineperformance AT kadhimnabed synthesisofdimethylcarbonateforenhancementofgasolineperformance |
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