Isolation of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) and characterization of their immunomodulatory properties
Background: The role of polysaccharides isolated from the Ganoderma species of fungi in innate immunity has recently become a topic of research. Although some work has been conducted concerning Ganoderma lucidum, the characteristics of polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) a...
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doaj-450bc4f264534afa850dde10cb786aaf2020-11-24T23:16:48ZengElsevierElectronic Journal of Biotechnology0717-34582015-05-0118318819510.1016/j.ejbt.2015.03.006Isolation of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) and characterization of their immunomodulatory propertiesNik Hafizah Nik Ubaidillah0Noorlidah Abdullah1Vikineswary Sabaratnam2Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaMushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaMushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaBackground: The role of polysaccharides isolated from the Ganoderma species of fungi in innate immunity has recently become a topic of research. Although some work has been conducted concerning Ganoderma lucidum, the characteristics of polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) as immunomodulatory agents are largely unknown. The aims for this study were to isolate and characterize the intracellular polysaccharides (IPSs) and extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) of G. neojaponicum from STR reactor. Results: The production of EPS and IPS was optimized on day 4 of the cultivation time in 2 L STR reactor based on the amount of biomass yield, total carbohydrate, β-glucan and α-glucan content. Further analysis, both the EPSs and IPSs showed the enhancement on proliferation and increment of phagocytosis activities of macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines. Using an oral toxicity test, we also observed that 2000 mg/kg body weight/day dosage of dried G. neojaponicum mycelium does not cause any significant toxic effects on Sprague–Dawley rats in 14 d of administration. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the IPSs and EPSs of G. neojaponicum have the potential to be used as immunomodulating agents to stimulate the innate immune system for fighting infectious diseases. The polysaccharides from G. neojaponicum have to be further commercially explored as an alternative for medicinal Ganoderma variety of G. lucidum production.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345815000421β-GlucanAcute oral toxicityMacrophage cell linePhagocytosisStirred tank reactorTotal carbohydrate |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nik Hafizah Nik Ubaidillah Noorlidah Abdullah Vikineswary Sabaratnam |
spellingShingle |
Nik Hafizah Nik Ubaidillah Noorlidah Abdullah Vikineswary Sabaratnam Isolation of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) and characterization of their immunomodulatory properties Electronic Journal of Biotechnology β-Glucan Acute oral toxicity Macrophage cell line Phagocytosis Stirred tank reactor Total carbohydrate |
author_facet |
Nik Hafizah Nik Ubaidillah Noorlidah Abdullah Vikineswary Sabaratnam |
author_sort |
Nik Hafizah Nik Ubaidillah |
title |
Isolation of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) and characterization of their immunomodulatory properties |
title_short |
Isolation of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) and characterization of their immunomodulatory properties |
title_full |
Isolation of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) and characterization of their immunomodulatory properties |
title_fullStr |
Isolation of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) and characterization of their immunomodulatory properties |
title_full_unstemmed |
Isolation of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) and characterization of their immunomodulatory properties |
title_sort |
isolation of the intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides of ganoderma neojaponicum (imazeki) and characterization of their immunomodulatory properties |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Electronic Journal of Biotechnology |
issn |
0717-3458 |
publishDate |
2015-05-01 |
description |
Background: The role of polysaccharides isolated from the Ganoderma species of fungi in innate immunity has recently become a topic of research. Although some work has been conducted concerning Ganoderma lucidum, the characteristics of polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma neojaponicum (Imazeki) as immunomodulatory agents are largely unknown. The aims for this study were to isolate and characterize the intracellular polysaccharides (IPSs) and extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) of G. neojaponicum from STR reactor.
Results: The production of EPS and IPS was optimized on day 4 of the cultivation time in 2 L STR reactor based on the amount of biomass yield, total carbohydrate, β-glucan and α-glucan content. Further analysis, both the EPSs and IPSs showed the enhancement on proliferation and increment of phagocytosis activities of macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines. Using an oral toxicity test, we also observed that 2000 mg/kg body weight/day dosage of dried G. neojaponicum mycelium does not cause any significant toxic effects on Sprague–Dawley rats in 14 d of administration.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the IPSs and EPSs of G. neojaponicum have the potential to be used as immunomodulating agents to stimulate the innate immune system for fighting infectious diseases. The polysaccharides from G. neojaponicum have to be further commercially explored as an alternative for medicinal Ganoderma variety of G. lucidum production. |
topic |
β-Glucan Acute oral toxicity Macrophage cell line Phagocytosis Stirred tank reactor Total carbohydrate |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345815000421 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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