Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and Advances
The cranial bones constitute the protective structures of the skull, which surround and protect the brain. Due to the limited repair capacity, the reconstruction and regeneration of skull defects are considered as an unmet clinical need and challenge. Previously, it has been proposed that the perios...
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doaj-45448ea24ea441c5ad1438d31ad3e5982021-08-26T13:33:38ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-07-01111129112910.3390/biom11081129Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and AdvancesBo Li0Yigan Wang1Yi Fan2Takehito Ouchi3Zhihe Zhao4Longjiang Li5State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaDepartment of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 1010061, JapanState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaThe cranial bones constitute the protective structures of the skull, which surround and protect the brain. Due to the limited repair capacity, the reconstruction and regeneration of skull defects are considered as an unmet clinical need and challenge. Previously, it has been proposed that the periosteum and dura mater provide reparative progenitors for cranial bones homeostasis and injury repair. In addition, it has also been speculated that the cranial mesenchymal stem cells reside in the perivascular niche of the diploe, namely, the soft spongy cancellous bone between the interior and exterior layers of cortical bone of the skull, which resembles the skeletal stem cells’ distribution pattern of the long bone within the bone marrow. Not until recent years have several studies unraveled and validated that the major mesenchymal stem cell population of the cranial region is primarily located within the suture mesenchyme of the skull, and hence, they are termed suture mesenchymal stem cells (SuSCs). Here, we summarized the characteristics of SuSCs, this newly discovered stem cell population of cranial bones, including the temporospatial distribution pattern, self-renewal, and multipotent properties, contribution to injury repair, as well as the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of SuSCs.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/8/1129mesenchymal stem cellscranial suturesinjury repairGli1Axin2Prrx1 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bo Li Yigan Wang Yi Fan Takehito Ouchi Zhihe Zhao Longjiang Li |
spellingShingle |
Bo Li Yigan Wang Yi Fan Takehito Ouchi Zhihe Zhao Longjiang Li Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and Advances Biomolecules mesenchymal stem cells cranial sutures injury repair Gli1 Axin2 Prrx1 |
author_facet |
Bo Li Yigan Wang Yi Fan Takehito Ouchi Zhihe Zhao Longjiang Li |
author_sort |
Bo Li |
title |
Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and Advances |
title_short |
Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and Advances |
title_full |
Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and Advances |
title_fullStr |
Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and Advances |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and Advances |
title_sort |
cranial suture mesenchymal stem cells: insights and advances |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Biomolecules |
issn |
2218-273X |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
The cranial bones constitute the protective structures of the skull, which surround and protect the brain. Due to the limited repair capacity, the reconstruction and regeneration of skull defects are considered as an unmet clinical need and challenge. Previously, it has been proposed that the periosteum and dura mater provide reparative progenitors for cranial bones homeostasis and injury repair. In addition, it has also been speculated that the cranial mesenchymal stem cells reside in the perivascular niche of the diploe, namely, the soft spongy cancellous bone between the interior and exterior layers of cortical bone of the skull, which resembles the skeletal stem cells’ distribution pattern of the long bone within the bone marrow. Not until recent years have several studies unraveled and validated that the major mesenchymal stem cell population of the cranial region is primarily located within the suture mesenchyme of the skull, and hence, they are termed suture mesenchymal stem cells (SuSCs). Here, we summarized the characteristics of SuSCs, this newly discovered stem cell population of cranial bones, including the temporospatial distribution pattern, self-renewal, and multipotent properties, contribution to injury repair, as well as the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of SuSCs. |
topic |
mesenchymal stem cells cranial sutures injury repair Gli1 Axin2 Prrx1 |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/8/1129 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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