Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i>
Gram positive pathogens are a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections, with <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i> being the most prevalent ones. Vancomycin, a last resort glycopeptide, is used to fight these bacteria but the emergence of resistance against...
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doaj-4548f27ddd6245c58d6d92a6b42cf2e42021-09-25T23:37:37ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-09-01101116111610.3390/antibiotics10091116Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i>Benjamin Baëtz0Abdelhakim Boudrioua1Axel Hartke2Caroline Giraud3Normandie Univ., UNICAEN U2RM-Stress and Virulence, Esplanade de la paix, 14000 Caen, FranceNormandie Univ., UNICAEN U2RM-Stress and Virulence, Esplanade de la paix, 14000 Caen, FranceNormandie Univ., UNICAEN U2RM-Stress and Virulence, Esplanade de la paix, 14000 Caen, FranceNormandie Univ., UNICAEN U2RM-Stress and Virulence, Esplanade de la paix, 14000 Caen, FranceGram positive pathogens are a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections, with <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i> being the most prevalent ones. Vancomycin, a last resort glycopeptide, is used to fight these bacteria but the emergence of resistance against this drug leaves some patients with few therapeutic options. To counter this issue, new generations of antibiotics have been developed but resistance has already been reported. In this article, we review the strategies in place or in development to counter vancomycin-resistant pathogens. First, an overview of traditional antimicrobials already on the market or in the preclinical or clinical pipeline used individually or in combination is summarized. The second part focuses on the non-traditional antimicrobials, such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and nanoparticles. The conclusion is that there is hitherto no substitute equivalent to vancomycin. However, promising strategies based on drugs with multiple mechanisms of action and treatments based on bacteriophages possibly combined with conventional antibiotics are hoped to provide treatment options for vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/9/1116Gram-positivevancomycin<i>Staphylococci</i><i>Enterococci</i>antibioticsantimicrobial peptides |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Benjamin Baëtz Abdelhakim Boudrioua Axel Hartke Caroline Giraud |
spellingShingle |
Benjamin Baëtz Abdelhakim Boudrioua Axel Hartke Caroline Giraud Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i> Antibiotics Gram-positive vancomycin <i>Staphylococci</i> <i>Enterococci</i> antibiotics antimicrobial peptides |
author_facet |
Benjamin Baëtz Abdelhakim Boudrioua Axel Hartke Caroline Giraud |
author_sort |
Benjamin Baëtz |
title |
Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i> |
title_short |
Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i> |
title_full |
Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i> |
title_fullStr |
Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i> |
title_full_unstemmed |
Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i> |
title_sort |
alternatives to fight vancomycin-resistant <i>staphylococci</i> and <i>enterococci</i> |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antibiotics |
issn |
2079-6382 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Gram positive pathogens are a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections, with <i>Staphylococci</i> and <i>Enterococci</i> being the most prevalent ones. Vancomycin, a last resort glycopeptide, is used to fight these bacteria but the emergence of resistance against this drug leaves some patients with few therapeutic options. To counter this issue, new generations of antibiotics have been developed but resistance has already been reported. In this article, we review the strategies in place or in development to counter vancomycin-resistant pathogens. First, an overview of traditional antimicrobials already on the market or in the preclinical or clinical pipeline used individually or in combination is summarized. The second part focuses on the non-traditional antimicrobials, such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and nanoparticles. The conclusion is that there is hitherto no substitute equivalent to vancomycin. However, promising strategies based on drugs with multiple mechanisms of action and treatments based on bacteriophages possibly combined with conventional antibiotics are hoped to provide treatment options for vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. |
topic |
Gram-positive vancomycin <i>Staphylococci</i> <i>Enterococci</i> antibiotics antimicrobial peptides |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/9/1116 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1717368440941969408 |