Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are relatively rare; however, the incidence has increased over the last few decades. They are classified as functional or non-functional tumors according to the presence of associated clinical symptoms. The majority are non-functional tumors. For classificati...
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Hoon Jai Chun
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doaj-4566b18cea194a5c842c5fce9e95b40d2020-11-24T23:15:51ZengHoon Jai ChunClinical Endoscopy2234-24002234-24432017-11-0150653754510.5946/ce.2017.1317055Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine TumorsDong Wook Lee0Michelle Kang Kim1Ho Gak Kim2 Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, KoreaPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are relatively rare; however, the incidence has increased over the last few decades. They are classified as functional or non-functional tumors according to the presence of associated clinical symptoms. The majority are non-functional tumors. For classification and staging, the World Health Organization 2010 classification system is the most commonly accepted. Chromogranin A is the most sensitive marker but has insufficient specificity. In general, PNETs are hypervascular tumors, and multiphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography is considered the first choice for imaging study. Multiphasic magnetic resonance imaging can detect PNETs smaller than 2 cm and small liver metastasis compared with other modalities. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is often used in cases where functional PNETs are suspected. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose cannot visualize PNETs, but PET with 68-Ga DOTATATE can. Endoscopic ultrasonography can characterize smaller PNETs using contrast and confirm histology through fine needle aspiration or biopsy. In this article, we review the characteristics of grading systems and diagnostic modalities commonly used for PNETs.http://www.e-ce.org/upload/pdf/ce-2017-131.pdfPancreatic neuroendocrine tumorWorld Health Organization classificationComputed tomographyMagnetic resonance imagingEndoscopic ultrasonography |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Dong Wook Lee Michelle Kang Kim Ho Gak Kim |
spellingShingle |
Dong Wook Lee Michelle Kang Kim Ho Gak Kim Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Clinical Endoscopy Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor World Health Organization classification Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Endoscopic ultrasonography |
author_facet |
Dong Wook Lee Michelle Kang Kim Ho Gak Kim |
author_sort |
Dong Wook Lee |
title |
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors |
title_short |
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors |
title_full |
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors |
title_fullStr |
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diagnosis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors |
title_sort |
diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors |
publisher |
Hoon Jai Chun |
series |
Clinical Endoscopy |
issn |
2234-2400 2234-2443 |
publishDate |
2017-11-01 |
description |
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are relatively rare; however, the incidence has increased over the last few decades. They are classified as functional or non-functional tumors according to the presence of associated clinical symptoms. The majority are non-functional tumors. For classification and staging, the World Health Organization 2010 classification system is the most commonly accepted. Chromogranin A is the most sensitive marker but has insufficient specificity. In general, PNETs are hypervascular tumors, and multiphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography is considered the first choice for imaging study. Multiphasic magnetic resonance imaging can detect PNETs smaller than 2 cm and small liver metastasis compared with other modalities. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy is often used in cases where functional PNETs are suspected. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose cannot visualize PNETs, but PET with 68-Ga DOTATATE can. Endoscopic ultrasonography can characterize smaller PNETs using contrast and confirm histology through fine needle aspiration or biopsy. In this article, we review the characteristics of grading systems and diagnostic modalities commonly used for PNETs. |
topic |
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor World Health Organization classification Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Endoscopic ultrasonography |
url |
http://www.e-ce.org/upload/pdf/ce-2017-131.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT dongwooklee diagnosisofpancreaticneuroendocrinetumors AT michellekangkim diagnosisofpancreaticneuroendocrinetumors AT hogakkim diagnosisofpancreaticneuroendocrinetumors |
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