Temporomandibular joint and Giant Panda’s (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo diet

Abstract Here, we present new evidence that evolutionary adaptation of the Ailuripodinae lineage to bamboo diet has taken place by morphological adaptations in the masticatory system. The giant panda in the wild and in captivity removes without an exception the outer skin of all bamboo shoots, rich...

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Main Authors:	Pekka K. Vallittu, Juha Varrela, Jukka Salo, Li Rengui, Ling Shanshan, Huang Shan, Hemin Zhang, Pekka Niemelä
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Nature Publishing Group 2021-07-01
Series:	Scientific Reports
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93808-2

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spelling	doaj-45f7c84faddd449f95a03ebbad48d98c2021-07-11T11:30:03ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-07-011111610.1038/s41598-021-93808-2Temporomandibular joint and Giant Panda’s (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo dietPekka K. Vallittu0Juha Varrela1Jukka Salo2Li Rengui3Ling Shanshan4Huang Shan5Hemin Zhang6Pekka Niemelä7Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of TurkuCity of Turku Welfare DivisionBiodiversity Unit, University of TurkuChina Conservation and Research Center for Giant PandaChina Conservation and Research Center for Giant PandaChina Conservation and Research Center for Giant PandaChina Conservation and Research Center for Giant PandaBiodiversity Unit, University of TurkuAbstract Here, we present new evidence that evolutionary adaptation of the Ailuripodinae lineage to bamboo diet has taken place by morphological adaptations in the masticatory system. The giant panda in the wild and in captivity removes without an exception the outer skin of all bamboo shoots, rich in abrasive and toxic compounds, by the highly adapted premolars P3 and P4. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) allows sidewise movement of the jaw and the premolars can, in a cusp-to-cusp position, remove the poorly digestible outer skin of the bamboo before crushing the bamboo with molars. Based on the evidence presented here, we suggest that adaptation of TMJ to lateral movement for enabling cusp-to-cusp contact of premolars is the crucial evolutionary factor as which we consider the key to understand the Ailuropodinae lineage adaptive pathway to utilize the bamboo resource.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93808-2
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Pekka K. Vallittu Juha Varrela Jukka Salo Li Rengui Ling Shanshan Huang Shan Hemin Zhang Pekka Niemelä
spellingShingle	Pekka K. Vallittu Juha Varrela Jukka Salo Li Rengui Ling Shanshan Huang Shan Hemin Zhang Pekka Niemelä Temporomandibular joint and Giant Panda’s (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo diet Scientific Reports
author_facet	Pekka K. Vallittu Juha Varrela Jukka Salo Li Rengui Ling Shanshan Huang Shan Hemin Zhang Pekka Niemelä
author_sort	Pekka K. Vallittu
title	Temporomandibular joint and Giant Panda’s (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo diet
title_short	Temporomandibular joint and Giant Panda’s (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo diet
title_full	Temporomandibular joint and Giant Panda’s (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo diet
title_fullStr	Temporomandibular joint and Giant Panda’s (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo diet
title_full_unstemmed	Temporomandibular joint and Giant Panda’s (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo diet
title_sort	temporomandibular joint and giant panda’s (ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo diet
publisher	Nature Publishing Group
series	Scientific Reports
issn	2045-2322
publishDate	2021-07-01
description	Abstract Here, we present new evidence that evolutionary adaptation of the Ailuripodinae lineage to bamboo diet has taken place by morphological adaptations in the masticatory system. The giant panda in the wild and in captivity removes without an exception the outer skin of all bamboo shoots, rich in abrasive and toxic compounds, by the highly adapted premolars P3 and P4. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) allows sidewise movement of the jaw and the premolars can, in a cusp-to-cusp position, remove the poorly digestible outer skin of the bamboo before crushing the bamboo with molars. Based on the evidence presented here, we suggest that adaptation of TMJ to lateral movement for enabling cusp-to-cusp contact of premolars is the crucial evolutionary factor as which we consider the key to understand the Ailuropodinae lineage adaptive pathway to utilize the bamboo resource.
url	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93808-2
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Temporomandibular joint and Giant Panda’s (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) adaptation to bamboo diet

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