Parenting Warmth and Strictness across Three Generations: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment
Recent emergent research is seriously questioning whether parental strictness contributes to children’s psychosocial adjustment in all cultural contexts. We examined cross-generational differences in parental practices characterized by warmth and practices characterized by strictness, as well as the...
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doaj-460566dc3b27458fac6fab6a922a6c262020-11-25T03:55:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012020-10-01177487748710.3390/ijerph17207487Parenting Warmth and Strictness across Three Generations: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial AdjustmentOscar F. Garcia0Maria C. Fuentes1Enrique Gracia2Emilia Serra3Fernando Garcia4Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, SpainDepartment of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, SpainRecent emergent research is seriously questioning whether parental strictness contributes to children’s psychosocial adjustment in all cultural contexts. We examined cross-generational differences in parental practices characterized by warmth and practices characterized by strictness, as well as the relationship between parenting styles (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and neglectful) and psychosocial adjustment in adulthood. Parenting practices characterized by warmth (affection, reasoning, indifference, and detachment) and strictness (revoking privileges, verbal scolding, and physical punishment) were examined. Psychosocial adjustment was captured with multidimensional self-concept and well-being (life satisfaction and happiness). Participants were 871 individuals who were members of three generations of Spanish families: College students (G3), their parents (G2), and their grandparents (G1). Results showed two different cross-generational patterns in parenting practices, with an increased tendency toward parental warmth (parents use more affection and reasoning but less indifference across generations) and a decreased tendency toward parental strictness (parents use revoking privileges, verbal scolding, and physical punishment less across generations). Interestingly, despite cross-generational differences in parenting practices, a common pattern between parenting styles and psychosocial adjustment was found: indulgent parenting was related to equal or even better self-concept and well-being than authoritative parenting, whereas parenting characterized by non-warmth (authoritarian and neglectful) was related to poor scores.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7487parenting practiceswarmthstrictnessparenting stylesgenerationspsychosocial adjustment |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Oscar F. Garcia Maria C. Fuentes Enrique Gracia Emilia Serra Fernando Garcia |
spellingShingle |
Oscar F. Garcia Maria C. Fuentes Enrique Gracia Emilia Serra Fernando Garcia Parenting Warmth and Strictness across Three Generations: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health parenting practices warmth strictness parenting styles generations psychosocial adjustment |
author_facet |
Oscar F. Garcia Maria C. Fuentes Enrique Gracia Emilia Serra Fernando Garcia |
author_sort |
Oscar F. Garcia |
title |
Parenting Warmth and Strictness across Three Generations: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment |
title_short |
Parenting Warmth and Strictness across Three Generations: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment |
title_full |
Parenting Warmth and Strictness across Three Generations: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment |
title_fullStr |
Parenting Warmth and Strictness across Three Generations: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Parenting Warmth and Strictness across Three Generations: Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment |
title_sort |
parenting warmth and strictness across three generations: parenting styles and psychosocial adjustment |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Recent emergent research is seriously questioning whether parental strictness contributes to children’s psychosocial adjustment in all cultural contexts. We examined cross-generational differences in parental practices characterized by warmth and practices characterized by strictness, as well as the relationship between parenting styles (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and neglectful) and psychosocial adjustment in adulthood. Parenting practices characterized by warmth (affection, reasoning, indifference, and detachment) and strictness (revoking privileges, verbal scolding, and physical punishment) were examined. Psychosocial adjustment was captured with multidimensional self-concept and well-being (life satisfaction and happiness). Participants were 871 individuals who were members of three generations of Spanish families: College students (G3), their parents (G2), and their grandparents (G1). Results showed two different cross-generational patterns in parenting practices, with an increased tendency toward parental warmth (parents use more affection and reasoning but less indifference across generations) and a decreased tendency toward parental strictness (parents use revoking privileges, verbal scolding, and physical punishment less across generations). Interestingly, despite cross-generational differences in parenting practices, a common pattern between parenting styles and psychosocial adjustment was found: indulgent parenting was related to equal or even better self-concept and well-being than authoritative parenting, whereas parenting characterized by non-warmth (authoritarian and neglectful) was related to poor scores. |
topic |
parenting practices warmth strictness parenting styles generations psychosocial adjustment |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/20/7487 |
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