Deepening into the suitability of using pre-trained models of ImageNet against a lightweight convolutional neural network in medical imaging: an experimental study

• Main Authors: Laith Alzubaidi, Ye Duan, Ayad Al-Dujaili, Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem, Ahmed H. Alkenani, Jose Santamaría, Mohammed A. Fadhel, Omran Al-Shamma, Jinglan Zhang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: PeerJ Inc. 2021-09-01
• Series: PeerJ Computer Science
• Subjects: Transfer learning; Deep learning; ImageNet; Convolutional neural network; Medical imaging
• Online Access: https://peerj.com/articles/cs-715.pdf

Transfer learning (TL) has been widely utilized to address the lack of training data for deep learning models. Specifically, one of the most popular uses of TL has been for the pre-trained models of the ImageNet dataset. Nevertheless, although these pre-trained models have shown an effective performance in several domains of application, those models may not offer significant benefits in all instances when dealing with medical imaging scenarios. Such models were designed to classify a thousand classes of natural images. There are fundamental differences between these models and those dealing with medical imaging tasks regarding learned features. Most medical imaging applications range from two to ten different classes, where we suspect that it would not be necessary to employ deeper learning models. This paper investigates such a hypothesis and develops an experimental study to examine the corresponding conclusions about this issue. The lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model and the pre-trained models have been evaluated using three different medical imaging datasets. We have trained the lightweight CNN model and the pre-trained models with two scenarios which are with a small number of images once and a large number of images once again. Surprisingly, it has been found that the lightweight model trained from scratch achieved a more competitive performance when compared to the pre-trained model. More importantly, the lightweight CNN model can be successfully trained and tested using basic computational tools and provide high-quality results, specifically when using medical imaging datasets.