Experience from Integrated Air Quality Management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Singapore
More than half of the world’s population now lives in cities as a result of unprecedented urbanization during the second half of the 20th century. The urban population is projected to increase to 68% by 2050, with most of the increase occurring in Asia and Africa. Population growth and inc...
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doaj-46f8d0f24f2b4178908a80ffb63bf58e2020-11-24T22:13:23ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332019-08-0110951210.3390/atmos10090512atmos10090512Experience from Integrated Air Quality Management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and SingaporeLuisa T. Molina0Erik Velasco1Armando Retama2Miguel Zavala3Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, La Jolla, CA 92037, USAIndependent Research Scientist, Singapore 118719, SingaporeIndependent Research Scientist, Mexico City 11800, MexicoMolina Center for Energy and the Environment, La Jolla, CA 92037, USAMore than half of the world’s population now lives in cities as a result of unprecedented urbanization during the second half of the 20th century. The urban population is projected to increase to 68% by 2050, with most of the increase occurring in Asia and Africa. Population growth and increased energy consumption in urban areas lead to high levels of atmospheric pollutants that harm human health, cause regional haze, damage crops, contribute to climate change, and ultimately threaten the society’s sustainability. This article reviews the air quality and compares the policies implemented in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and Singapore and offers insights into the complexity of managing air pollution to protect public health and the environment. While the differences in the governance, economics, and culture of the two cities greatly influence the decision-making process, both have made much progress in reducing concentrations of harmful pollutants by implementing comprehensive integrated air quality management programs. The experience and the lessons learned from the MCMA and Singapore can be valuable for other urban centers, especially in the fast-growing Asia-Pacific region confronting similar air pollution problems.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/9/512air pollutionair quality managementhealth impactsurban atmosphereregional hazeclimate changeenvironmental policiesurbanization |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Luisa T. Molina Erik Velasco Armando Retama Miguel Zavala |
spellingShingle |
Luisa T. Molina Erik Velasco Armando Retama Miguel Zavala Experience from Integrated Air Quality Management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Singapore Atmosphere air pollution air quality management health impacts urban atmosphere regional haze climate change environmental policies urbanization |
author_facet |
Luisa T. Molina Erik Velasco Armando Retama Miguel Zavala |
author_sort |
Luisa T. Molina |
title |
Experience from Integrated Air Quality Management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Singapore |
title_short |
Experience from Integrated Air Quality Management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Singapore |
title_full |
Experience from Integrated Air Quality Management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Singapore |
title_fullStr |
Experience from Integrated Air Quality Management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Singapore |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experience from Integrated Air Quality Management in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area and Singapore |
title_sort |
experience from integrated air quality management in the mexico city metropolitan area and singapore |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Atmosphere |
issn |
2073-4433 |
publishDate |
2019-08-01 |
description |
More than half of the world’s population now lives in cities as a result of unprecedented urbanization during the second half of the 20th century. The urban population is projected to increase to 68% by 2050, with most of the increase occurring in Asia and Africa. Population growth and increased energy consumption in urban areas lead to high levels of atmospheric pollutants that harm human health, cause regional haze, damage crops, contribute to climate change, and ultimately threaten the society’s sustainability. This article reviews the air quality and compares the policies implemented in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and Singapore and offers insights into the complexity of managing air pollution to protect public health and the environment. While the differences in the governance, economics, and culture of the two cities greatly influence the decision-making process, both have made much progress in reducing concentrations of harmful pollutants by implementing comprehensive integrated air quality management programs. The experience and the lessons learned from the MCMA and Singapore can be valuable for other urban centers, especially in the fast-growing Asia-Pacific region confronting similar air pollution problems. |
topic |
air pollution air quality management health impacts urban atmosphere regional haze climate change environmental policies urbanization |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/10/9/512 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT luisatmolina experiencefromintegratedairqualitymanagementinthemexicocitymetropolitanareaandsingapore AT erikvelasco experiencefromintegratedairqualitymanagementinthemexicocitymetropolitanareaandsingapore AT armandoretama experiencefromintegratedairqualitymanagementinthemexicocitymetropolitanareaandsingapore AT miguelzavala experiencefromintegratedairqualitymanagementinthemexicocitymetropolitanareaandsingapore |
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