Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod
Abstract Usefulness of Pidotimod and its role as immunostimulant, has been discussed, we know, for several decades. Nevertheless, there is still much to know. Understanding its mechanisms and its potential usefulness in airway infections and its prevention, asthma both Th2 and non Th2 type, bronchie...
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doaj-4786efc6215c48d5a419cd5fa4ab3e802020-11-25T02:52:39ZengPAGEPress PublicationsMultidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine2049-69582019-11-0114111010.1186/s40248-019-0195-2Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on PidotimodFrancesca Puggioni0Magna Alves-Correia1Manar-Farouk Mohamed2Niccolò Stomeo3Riccardo Mager4Massimiliano Marinoni5Francesca Racca6Giovanni Paoletti7Gilda Varricchi8Veronica Giorgis9Giovanni Melioli10Giorgio Walter Canonica11Enrico Heffler12Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityPersonalized Medicine, Allergy and Asthma - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCSPersonalized Medicine, Allergy and Asthma - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCSDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityPersonalized Medicine, Allergy and Asthma - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCSDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico IIPersonalized Medicine, Allergy and Asthma - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCSDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas UniversityAbstract Usefulness of Pidotimod and its role as immunostimulant, has been discussed, we know, for several decades. Nevertheless, there is still much to know. Understanding its mechanisms and its potential usefulness in airway infections and its prevention, asthma both Th2 and non Th2 type, bronchiectasis, as adjuvant in vaccination and in allergen immunotherapy still remains to clearly unveil. The aim of this paper was to provide a useful updated review of the role of the main available immunostimulants, giving particular focus on Pidotimod use and its potentials utility in respiratory diseases. Pidotimod showed its usefulness in reducing need for antibiotics in airway infections, increasing the level of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+) endowed with immunomodulatory activity that affect both innate and adaptive immune responses. Higher expression of TLR2 and of HLA-DR molecules, induction of dendritic cell maturation and release of pro-inflammatory molecules, stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation toward a Th1 phenotype, as well as an increase of the phagocytosis have been demonstrated to be associated with Pidotimod in in vitro studies. All these activities are potentially useful for several respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD, and recurrent respiratory tract infections.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40248-019-0195-2PidotimodImmumostimulantsRespiratory diseasesAdaptive immunityInnate immunityAllergy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Francesca Puggioni Magna Alves-Correia Manar-Farouk Mohamed Niccolò Stomeo Riccardo Mager Massimiliano Marinoni Francesca Racca Giovanni Paoletti Gilda Varricchi Veronica Giorgis Giovanni Melioli Giorgio Walter Canonica Enrico Heffler |
spellingShingle |
Francesca Puggioni Magna Alves-Correia Manar-Farouk Mohamed Niccolò Stomeo Riccardo Mager Massimiliano Marinoni Francesca Racca Giovanni Paoletti Gilda Varricchi Veronica Giorgis Giovanni Melioli Giorgio Walter Canonica Enrico Heffler Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine Pidotimod Immumostimulants Respiratory diseases Adaptive immunity Innate immunity Allergy |
author_facet |
Francesca Puggioni Magna Alves-Correia Manar-Farouk Mohamed Niccolò Stomeo Riccardo Mager Massimiliano Marinoni Francesca Racca Giovanni Paoletti Gilda Varricchi Veronica Giorgis Giovanni Melioli Giorgio Walter Canonica Enrico Heffler |
author_sort |
Francesca Puggioni |
title |
Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod |
title_short |
Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod |
title_full |
Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod |
title_fullStr |
Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod |
title_full_unstemmed |
Immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on Pidotimod |
title_sort |
immunostimulants in respiratory diseases: focus on pidotimod |
publisher |
PAGEPress Publications |
series |
Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine |
issn |
2049-6958 |
publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
description |
Abstract Usefulness of Pidotimod and its role as immunostimulant, has been discussed, we know, for several decades. Nevertheless, there is still much to know. Understanding its mechanisms and its potential usefulness in airway infections and its prevention, asthma both Th2 and non Th2 type, bronchiectasis, as adjuvant in vaccination and in allergen immunotherapy still remains to clearly unveil. The aim of this paper was to provide a useful updated review of the role of the main available immunostimulants, giving particular focus on Pidotimod use and its potentials utility in respiratory diseases. Pidotimod showed its usefulness in reducing need for antibiotics in airway infections, increasing the level of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) and T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+) endowed with immunomodulatory activity that affect both innate and adaptive immune responses. Higher expression of TLR2 and of HLA-DR molecules, induction of dendritic cell maturation and release of pro-inflammatory molecules, stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation toward a Th1 phenotype, as well as an increase of the phagocytosis have been demonstrated to be associated with Pidotimod in in vitro studies. All these activities are potentially useful for several respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. |
topic |
Pidotimod Immumostimulants Respiratory diseases Adaptive immunity Innate immunity Allergy |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40248-019-0195-2 |
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