Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway
Breastfed infants are dependent on an adequate supply of iodine in human milk for the production of thyroid hormones, necessary for development of the brain. Despite the importance of iodine for infant health, data on Norwegian lactating women are scarce. We measured iodine intake and evaluated iodi...
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doaj-47a6aab41fd14135ab6396cf1dcaa0b42020-11-25T02:15:56ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-02-0112363010.3390/nu12030630nu12030630Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of NorwaySynne Groufh-Jacobsen0Lise Mette Mosand1Kjersti Sletten Bakken2Beate Stokke Solvik3Ingvild Oma4Elin Lovise Folven Gjengedal5Anne Lise Brantsæter6Tor Arne Strand7Sigrun Henjum8Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2629 Lillehammer, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, NorwayWomen’s Clinic at Lillehammer Hospital, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2629 Lillehammer, NorwayWomen’s Clinic at Lillehammer Hospital, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2629 Lillehammer, NorwayDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2629 Lillehammer, NorwayFaculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences,1432 Aas, NorwayDivision of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo , NorwayDepartment of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2629 Lillehammer, NorwayDepartment of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet–Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, NorwayBreastfed infants are dependent on an adequate supply of iodine in human milk for the production of thyroid hormones, necessary for development of the brain. Despite the importance of iodine for infant health, data on Norwegian lactating women are scarce. We measured iodine intake and evaluated iodine status and iodine knowledge among lactating women. From October to December 2018, 133 mother−infant pairs were recruited in a cross-sectional study through two public health care centers in Lillehammer and Gjøvik. Each of the women provided two human milk specimens, which were pooled, and one urine sample for analysis of iodine concentration. We used 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate short-term and habitual iodine intake from food and supplements. The median (P25, P75) human milk iodine concentration (HMIC) was 71 (45, 127) µg/L—of which, 66% had HMIC <100 µg/L. The median (P25, P75) urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 80 µg/L (52, 141). The mean (± SD) 24-hour iodine intake and habitual intake was 78 ± 79 µg/day and 75 ± 73 µg/day, respectively. In conclusion, this study confirms inadequate iodine intake and insufficient iodine status among lactating women in the inland area of Norway and medium knowledge awareness about iodine.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/3/630iodinelactating womennorwaybreastfeedinginfantsiodine knowledgehuman milk iodine concentrationiodine intakeiodine statusurinary iodine concentration |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Synne Groufh-Jacobsen Lise Mette Mosand Kjersti Sletten Bakken Beate Stokke Solvik Ingvild Oma Elin Lovise Folven Gjengedal Anne Lise Brantsæter Tor Arne Strand Sigrun Henjum |
spellingShingle |
Synne Groufh-Jacobsen Lise Mette Mosand Kjersti Sletten Bakken Beate Stokke Solvik Ingvild Oma Elin Lovise Folven Gjengedal Anne Lise Brantsæter Tor Arne Strand Sigrun Henjum Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway Nutrients iodine lactating women norway breastfeeding infants iodine knowledge human milk iodine concentration iodine intake iodine status urinary iodine concentration |
author_facet |
Synne Groufh-Jacobsen Lise Mette Mosand Kjersti Sletten Bakken Beate Stokke Solvik Ingvild Oma Elin Lovise Folven Gjengedal Anne Lise Brantsæter Tor Arne Strand Sigrun Henjum |
author_sort |
Synne Groufh-Jacobsen |
title |
Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway |
title_short |
Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway |
title_full |
Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway |
title_fullStr |
Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mild to Moderate Iodine Deficiency and Inadequate Iodine Intake in Lactating Women in the Inland Area of Norway |
title_sort |
mild to moderate iodine deficiency and inadequate iodine intake in lactating women in the inland area of norway |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
Breastfed infants are dependent on an adequate supply of iodine in human milk for the production of thyroid hormones, necessary for development of the brain. Despite the importance of iodine for infant health, data on Norwegian lactating women are scarce. We measured iodine intake and evaluated iodine status and iodine knowledge among lactating women. From October to December 2018, 133 mother−infant pairs were recruited in a cross-sectional study through two public health care centers in Lillehammer and Gjøvik. Each of the women provided two human milk specimens, which were pooled, and one urine sample for analysis of iodine concentration. We used 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate short-term and habitual iodine intake from food and supplements. The median (P25, P75) human milk iodine concentration (HMIC) was 71 (45, 127) µg/L—of which, 66% had HMIC <100 µg/L. The median (P25, P75) urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 80 µg/L (52, 141). The mean (± SD) 24-hour iodine intake and habitual intake was 78 ± 79 µg/day and 75 ± 73 µg/day, respectively. In conclusion, this study confirms inadequate iodine intake and insufficient iodine status among lactating women in the inland area of Norway and medium knowledge awareness about iodine. |
topic |
iodine lactating women norway breastfeeding infants iodine knowledge human milk iodine concentration iodine intake iodine status urinary iodine concentration |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/3/630 |
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