Past, Present, and Future of Multisensory Wearable Technology to Monitor Sleep and Circadian Rhythms
Movement-based sleep-wake detection devices (i.e., actigraphy devices) were first developed in the early 1970s and have repeatedly been validated against polysomnography, which is considered the “gold-standard” of sleep measurement. Indeed, they have become important tools for objectively inferring...
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doaj-484779ba8a144376a1bd096fd3eb80212021-08-16T07:47:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Digital Health2673-253X2021-08-01310.3389/fdgth.2021.721919721919Past, Present, and Future of Multisensory Wearable Technology to Monitor Sleep and Circadian RhythmsMatthew R. Lujan0Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo1Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo2Michael A. Grandner3Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United StatesSchool of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomDepartment of Medicine, The Alan Turing Institute, London, United KingdomSleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United StatesMovement-based sleep-wake detection devices (i.e., actigraphy devices) were first developed in the early 1970s and have repeatedly been validated against polysomnography, which is considered the “gold-standard” of sleep measurement. Indeed, they have become important tools for objectively inferring sleep in free-living conditions. Standard actigraphy devices are rooted in accelerometry to measure movement and make predictions, via scoring algorithms, as to whether the wearer is in a state of wakefulness or sleep. Two important developments have become incorporated in newer devices. First, additional sensors, including measures of heart rate and heart rate variability and higher resolution movement sensing through triaxial accelerometers, have been introduced to improve upon traditional, movement-based scoring algorithms. Second, these devices have transcended scientific utility and are now being manufactured and distributed to the general public. This review will provide an overview of: (1) the history of actigraphic sleep measurement, (2) the physiological underpinnings of heart rate and heart rate variability measurement in wearables, (3) the refinement and validation of both standard actigraphy and newer, multisensory devices for real-world sleep-wake detection, (4) the practical applications of actigraphy, (5) important limitations of actigraphic measurement, and lastly (6) future directions within the field.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2021.721919/fullactigraphyheart ratephotoplethysmographywearablesvalidation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Matthew R. Lujan Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo Michael A. Grandner |
spellingShingle |
Matthew R. Lujan Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo Michael A. Grandner Past, Present, and Future of Multisensory Wearable Technology to Monitor Sleep and Circadian Rhythms Frontiers in Digital Health actigraphy heart rate photoplethysmography wearables validation |
author_facet |
Matthew R. Lujan Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo Ignacio Perez-Pozuelo Michael A. Grandner |
author_sort |
Matthew R. Lujan |
title |
Past, Present, and Future of Multisensory Wearable Technology to Monitor Sleep and Circadian Rhythms |
title_short |
Past, Present, and Future of Multisensory Wearable Technology to Monitor Sleep and Circadian Rhythms |
title_full |
Past, Present, and Future of Multisensory Wearable Technology to Monitor Sleep and Circadian Rhythms |
title_fullStr |
Past, Present, and Future of Multisensory Wearable Technology to Monitor Sleep and Circadian Rhythms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Past, Present, and Future of Multisensory Wearable Technology to Monitor Sleep and Circadian Rhythms |
title_sort |
past, present, and future of multisensory wearable technology to monitor sleep and circadian rhythms |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Digital Health |
issn |
2673-253X |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Movement-based sleep-wake detection devices (i.e., actigraphy devices) were first developed in the early 1970s and have repeatedly been validated against polysomnography, which is considered the “gold-standard” of sleep measurement. Indeed, they have become important tools for objectively inferring sleep in free-living conditions. Standard actigraphy devices are rooted in accelerometry to measure movement and make predictions, via scoring algorithms, as to whether the wearer is in a state of wakefulness or sleep. Two important developments have become incorporated in newer devices. First, additional sensors, including measures of heart rate and heart rate variability and higher resolution movement sensing through triaxial accelerometers, have been introduced to improve upon traditional, movement-based scoring algorithms. Second, these devices have transcended scientific utility and are now being manufactured and distributed to the general public. This review will provide an overview of: (1) the history of actigraphic sleep measurement, (2) the physiological underpinnings of heart rate and heart rate variability measurement in wearables, (3) the refinement and validation of both standard actigraphy and newer, multisensory devices for real-world sleep-wake detection, (4) the practical applications of actigraphy, (5) important limitations of actigraphic measurement, and lastly (6) future directions within the field. |
topic |
actigraphy heart rate photoplethysmography wearables validation |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2021.721919/full |
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