Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences
Three cryptic species in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex were reared in laboratory colonies and investigated for the presence of pheromones. Collections of volatiles from combinations of diet, fungus, beetles, and galleries from polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #1) revealed the...
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doaj-486effc209744526b93ba9347a815c8a2020-11-24T22:46:45ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592017-10-015e395710.7717/peerj.3957Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferencesMiriam F. Cooperband0Allard A. Cossé1Tappey H. Jones2Daniel Carrillo3Kaitlin Cleary4Isaiah Canlas5Richard Stouthamer6Otis Laboratory, APHIS-PPQ-S&T, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States of AmericaOtis Laboratory, APHIS-PPQ-S&T, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA, United States of AmericaTropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States of AmericaOtis Laboratory, APHIS-PPQ-S&T, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States of AmericaOtis Laboratory, APHIS-PPQ-S&T, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of AmericaThree cryptic species in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex were reared in laboratory colonies and investigated for the presence of pheromones. Collections of volatiles from combinations of diet, fungus, beetles, and galleries from polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #1) revealed the presence of 2-heneicosanone and 2-tricosanone only in the presence of beetles, regardless of sex. Subsequent examination of volatiles from the other two species, tea shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #2) and Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #5), revealed these two ketones were present in all three species but in different ratios. In dual choice olfactometer behavioral bioassays, mature mated females were strongly attracted to a synthetic binary blend of ketones matching their own natural ratios. However, females in each species were repelled by ketone blends in ratios corresponding to the other two species. Males of each species responded similarly to females when presented with ratios matching their own or the other two species. The presence of these compounds in the three beetle species, in ratios unique to each species, and their strong species-specific attraction and repellency, suggests they are pheromones. The ecological function of these pheromones is discussed. In addition to the pheromones, the previously known attractant (1S,4R)-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (also known as quercivorol) was discovered in the presence of the fungal symbionts, but not in association with the beetles. Quercivorol was tested in a dual-choice olfactometer and was strongly attractive to all three species. This evidence suggests quercivorol functions as a kairomone for members of the E. fornicatus species complex, likely produced by the symbiotic fungi.https://peerj.com/articles/3957.pdfPheromonePolyphagous shot hole borerTea shot hole borerRepellentAttractantKuroshio shot hole borer |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Miriam F. Cooperband Allard A. Cossé Tappey H. Jones Daniel Carrillo Kaitlin Cleary Isaiah Canlas Richard Stouthamer |
spellingShingle |
Miriam F. Cooperband Allard A. Cossé Tappey H. Jones Daniel Carrillo Kaitlin Cleary Isaiah Canlas Richard Stouthamer Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences PeerJ Pheromone Polyphagous shot hole borer Tea shot hole borer Repellent Attractant Kuroshio shot hole borer |
author_facet |
Miriam F. Cooperband Allard A. Cossé Tappey H. Jones Daniel Carrillo Kaitlin Cleary Isaiah Canlas Richard Stouthamer |
author_sort |
Miriam F. Cooperband |
title |
Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences |
title_short |
Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences |
title_full |
Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences |
title_fullStr |
Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences |
title_sort |
pheromones of three ambrosia beetles in the euwallacea fornicatus species complex: ratios and preferences |
publisher |
PeerJ Inc. |
series |
PeerJ |
issn |
2167-8359 |
publishDate |
2017-10-01 |
description |
Three cryptic species in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex were reared in laboratory colonies and investigated for the presence of pheromones. Collections of volatiles from combinations of diet, fungus, beetles, and galleries from polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #1) revealed the presence of 2-heneicosanone and 2-tricosanone only in the presence of beetles, regardless of sex. Subsequent examination of volatiles from the other two species, tea shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #2) and Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea sp. #5), revealed these two ketones were present in all three species but in different ratios. In dual choice olfactometer behavioral bioassays, mature mated females were strongly attracted to a synthetic binary blend of ketones matching their own natural ratios. However, females in each species were repelled by ketone blends in ratios corresponding to the other two species. Males of each species responded similarly to females when presented with ratios matching their own or the other two species. The presence of these compounds in the three beetle species, in ratios unique to each species, and their strong species-specific attraction and repellency, suggests they are pheromones. The ecological function of these pheromones is discussed. In addition to the pheromones, the previously known attractant (1S,4R)-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (also known as quercivorol) was discovered in the presence of the fungal symbionts, but not in association with the beetles. Quercivorol was tested in a dual-choice olfactometer and was strongly attractive to all three species. This evidence suggests quercivorol functions as a kairomone for members of the E. fornicatus species complex, likely produced by the symbiotic fungi. |
topic |
Pheromone Polyphagous shot hole borer Tea shot hole borer Repellent Attractant Kuroshio shot hole borer |
url |
https://peerj.com/articles/3957.pdf |
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