Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations
Abstract Face gaze is a fundamental non-verbal behaviour and can be assessed using eye-tracking glasses. Methodological guidelines are lacking on which measure to use to determine face gaze. To evaluate face gaze patterns we compared three measures: duration, frequency and dwell time. Furthermore, s...
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doaj-48b3b541120c4c50b79a735b678ad1972021-10-10T11:30:41ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-10-011111910.1038/s41598-021-99068-4Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultationsC. Jongerius0H. G. van den Boorn1T. Callemein2N. T. Boeske3J. A. Romijn4E. M. A. Smets5M. A. Hillen6Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of AmsterdamPSI-EAVISE, Electrical Engineering Technology (ESAT), KU Leuven, De Nayer Campus Sint-Katelijne-WaverDepartment of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of AmsterdamAbstract Face gaze is a fundamental non-verbal behaviour and can be assessed using eye-tracking glasses. Methodological guidelines are lacking on which measure to use to determine face gaze. To evaluate face gaze patterns we compared three measures: duration, frequency and dwell time. Furthermore, state of the art face gaze analysis requires time and manual effort. We tested if face gaze patterns in the first 30, 60 and 120 s predict face gaze patterns in the remaining interaction. We performed secondary analyses of mobile eye-tracking data of 16 internal medicine physicians in consultation with 100 of their patients. Duration and frequency of face gaze were unrelated. The lack of association between duration and frequency suggests that research may yield different results depending on which measure of face gaze is used. Dwell time correlates both duration and frequency. Face gaze during the first seconds of the consultations predicted face gaze patterns of the remaining consultation time (R2 0.26 to 0.73). Therefore, face gaze during the first minutes of the consultations can be used to predict face gaze patterns over the complete interaction. Researchers interested to study face gaze may use these findings to make optimal methodological choices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99068-4 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
C. Jongerius H. G. van den Boorn T. Callemein N. T. Boeske J. A. Romijn E. M. A. Smets M. A. Hillen |
spellingShingle |
C. Jongerius H. G. van den Boorn T. Callemein N. T. Boeske J. A. Romijn E. M. A. Smets M. A. Hillen Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
C. Jongerius H. G. van den Boorn T. Callemein N. T. Boeske J. A. Romijn E. M. A. Smets M. A. Hillen |
author_sort |
C. Jongerius |
title |
Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations |
title_short |
Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations |
title_full |
Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations |
title_fullStr |
Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations |
title_sort |
eye-tracking analyses of physician face gaze patterns in consultations |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2021-10-01 |
description |
Abstract Face gaze is a fundamental non-verbal behaviour and can be assessed using eye-tracking glasses. Methodological guidelines are lacking on which measure to use to determine face gaze. To evaluate face gaze patterns we compared three measures: duration, frequency and dwell time. Furthermore, state of the art face gaze analysis requires time and manual effort. We tested if face gaze patterns in the first 30, 60 and 120 s predict face gaze patterns in the remaining interaction. We performed secondary analyses of mobile eye-tracking data of 16 internal medicine physicians in consultation with 100 of their patients. Duration and frequency of face gaze were unrelated. The lack of association between duration and frequency suggests that research may yield different results depending on which measure of face gaze is used. Dwell time correlates both duration and frequency. Face gaze during the first seconds of the consultations predicted face gaze patterns of the remaining consultation time (R2 0.26 to 0.73). Therefore, face gaze during the first minutes of the consultations can be used to predict face gaze patterns over the complete interaction. Researchers interested to study face gaze may use these findings to make optimal methodological choices. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99068-4 |
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