The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy
The glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, pla...
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doaj-4952ec86a10c4e1eb7a448087ba357692021-08-26T13:36:51ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-07-01101852185210.3390/cells10081852The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing StrategyGemma Aragonès0Sheldon Rowan1Sarah G. Francisco2Elizabeth A. Whitcomb3Wenxin Yang4Giuliana Perini-Villanueva5Casper G. Schalkwijk6Allen Taylor7Eloy Bejarano8Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USALaboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USALaboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USALaboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USALaboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USALaboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsLaboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USALaboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USAThe glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, playing a pathogenic role in the progression of molecular and cellular aging. Due to the age-related decline in different anti-AGE mechanisms, including detoxifying mechanisms and proteolytic capacities, glycated biomolecules are accumulated during normal aging in our body in a tissue-dependent manner. Viewed in this way, anti-AGE detoxifying systems are proposed as therapeutic targets to fight pathological dysfunction associated with AGE accumulation and cytotoxicity. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge related to the protective mechanisms against glycative stress, with a special emphasis on the glyoxalase system as the primary mechanism for detoxifying the reactive intermediates of glycation. This review focuses on glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system, and the rate-limiting enzyme of this catalytic process. Although GLO1 is ubiquitously expressed, protein levels and activities are regulated in a tissue-dependent manner. We provide a comparative analysis of GLO1 protein in different tissues. Our findings indicate a role for the glyoxalase system in homeostasis in the eye retina, a highly oxygenated tissue with rapid protein turnover. We also describe modulation of the glyoxalase system as a therapeutic target to delay the development of age-related diseases and summarize the literature that describes the current knowledge about nutritional compounds with properties to modulate the glyoxalase system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/8/1852glycative stressglyoxalase systemagingproteotoxicity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gemma Aragonès Sheldon Rowan Sarah G. Francisco Elizabeth A. Whitcomb Wenxin Yang Giuliana Perini-Villanueva Casper G. Schalkwijk Allen Taylor Eloy Bejarano |
spellingShingle |
Gemma Aragonès Sheldon Rowan Sarah G. Francisco Elizabeth A. Whitcomb Wenxin Yang Giuliana Perini-Villanueva Casper G. Schalkwijk Allen Taylor Eloy Bejarano The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy Cells glycative stress glyoxalase system aging proteotoxicity |
author_facet |
Gemma Aragonès Sheldon Rowan Sarah G. Francisco Elizabeth A. Whitcomb Wenxin Yang Giuliana Perini-Villanueva Casper G. Schalkwijk Allen Taylor Eloy Bejarano |
author_sort |
Gemma Aragonès |
title |
The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy |
title_short |
The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy |
title_full |
The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy |
title_fullStr |
The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy |
title_sort |
glyoxalase system in age-related diseases: nutritional intervention as anti-ageing strategy |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cells |
issn |
2073-4409 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
The glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, playing a pathogenic role in the progression of molecular and cellular aging. Due to the age-related decline in different anti-AGE mechanisms, including detoxifying mechanisms and proteolytic capacities, glycated biomolecules are accumulated during normal aging in our body in a tissue-dependent manner. Viewed in this way, anti-AGE detoxifying systems are proposed as therapeutic targets to fight pathological dysfunction associated with AGE accumulation and cytotoxicity. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge related to the protective mechanisms against glycative stress, with a special emphasis on the glyoxalase system as the primary mechanism for detoxifying the reactive intermediates of glycation. This review focuses on glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system, and the rate-limiting enzyme of this catalytic process. Although GLO1 is ubiquitously expressed, protein levels and activities are regulated in a tissue-dependent manner. We provide a comparative analysis of GLO1 protein in different tissues. Our findings indicate a role for the glyoxalase system in homeostasis in the eye retina, a highly oxygenated tissue with rapid protein turnover. We also describe modulation of the glyoxalase system as a therapeutic target to delay the development of age-related diseases and summarize the literature that describes the current knowledge about nutritional compounds with properties to modulate the glyoxalase system. |
topic |
glycative stress glyoxalase system aging proteotoxicity |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/8/1852 |
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