Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Niue under PacELF, 1999–2016
Abstract Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease which is targeted for elimination as a public health problem worldwide. Niue is a small self-governing South Pacific island nation with approximately 1600 residents that was formerly LF endemic. Here, we review the p...
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doaj-49869da8ae274a4c9c27d3b26fd0be122020-11-25T03:19:31ZengBMCTropical Medicine and Health1349-41472019-03-0147111010.1186/s41182-019-0141-1Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Niue under PacELF, 1999–2016Catherine N. Carlingford0Wayne Melrose1Grizelda Mokoia2Patricia M. Graves3Kazuyo Ichimori4Corinne Capuano5Sung Hye Kim6Padmasiri Aratchige7Manila Nosa8School of Public Health, The University of SydneyCollege of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook UniversityNiue Health DepartmentCollege of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook UniversityInstitute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki UniversityWHO Office of the Representative for the South Pacific and Division of Pacific Technical SupportDepartment of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineDepartment of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineNiue Health DepartmentAbstract Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease which is targeted for elimination as a public health problem worldwide. Niue is a small self-governing South Pacific island nation with approximately 1600 residents that was formerly LF endemic. Here, we review the progress made towards eliminating LF in Niue since 1999. Methods This study has reviewed all the available literature relating to LF in Niue to assess surveillance efforts and the elimination of transmission. Reviewed documentation included both published and unpublished works including historical reports of LF, WHO PacELF records, and Niue Country Reports of the national LF elimination program. Findings Niue conducted mapping of baseline LF endemicity by testing the total present and consenting population for LF antigen with immunochromatographic test (ICT) in 1999, when circulating filarial antigen prevalence was 3.1% (n = 1794). Five nationwide annual mass drug administration (MDA) rounds with albendazole (400 mg) and diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) were undertaken from 2000 to 2004, with coverage reported from distribution records ranging from 78 to 99% of the eligible population, which excluded pregnant women and children under 2 years of age. A further whole population survey using ICT in 2001 found 1.3% positive (n = 1630). In 2004, antigen prevalence had reduced to 0.2% (n = 1285). A similar post-MDA survey in 2009 indicated antigen prevalence to be 0.5% (n = 1378). Seven positive cases were re-tested and re-treated every six months until negative. Conclusions After five rounds of MDA, Niue had reduced the LF antigen population prevalence in all ages from 3.1% to below 1% and maintained this prevalence for a further five years. Due to Niue’s small population, surveillance was done by whole population surveys. Niue’s results support the WHO recommended strategy that five to six rounds of annual MDA with effective population coverage can successfully interrupt the transmission of LF. Niue received official acknowledgement of the validation of elimination of LF as a public health problem by the WHO Director-General and WHO Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO) Regional Director at the 67th session of the Regional Committee for the Western Pacific held in Manila in October 2016.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41182-019-0141-1Lymphatic filariasisMass drug administrationNiueMicrofilariaEpidemiologyWuchereria bancrofti |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Catherine N. Carlingford Wayne Melrose Grizelda Mokoia Patricia M. Graves Kazuyo Ichimori Corinne Capuano Sung Hye Kim Padmasiri Aratchige Manila Nosa |
spellingShingle |
Catherine N. Carlingford Wayne Melrose Grizelda Mokoia Patricia M. Graves Kazuyo Ichimori Corinne Capuano Sung Hye Kim Padmasiri Aratchige Manila Nosa Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Niue under PacELF, 1999–2016 Tropical Medicine and Health Lymphatic filariasis Mass drug administration Niue Microfilaria Epidemiology Wuchereria bancrofti |
author_facet |
Catherine N. Carlingford Wayne Melrose Grizelda Mokoia Patricia M. Graves Kazuyo Ichimori Corinne Capuano Sung Hye Kim Padmasiri Aratchige Manila Nosa |
author_sort |
Catherine N. Carlingford |
title |
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Niue under PacELF, 1999–2016 |
title_short |
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Niue under PacELF, 1999–2016 |
title_full |
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Niue under PacELF, 1999–2016 |
title_fullStr |
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Niue under PacELF, 1999–2016 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Niue under PacELF, 1999–2016 |
title_sort |
elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in niue under pacelf, 1999–2016 |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Tropical Medicine and Health |
issn |
1349-4147 |
publishDate |
2019-03-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease which is targeted for elimination as a public health problem worldwide. Niue is a small self-governing South Pacific island nation with approximately 1600 residents that was formerly LF endemic. Here, we review the progress made towards eliminating LF in Niue since 1999. Methods This study has reviewed all the available literature relating to LF in Niue to assess surveillance efforts and the elimination of transmission. Reviewed documentation included both published and unpublished works including historical reports of LF, WHO PacELF records, and Niue Country Reports of the national LF elimination program. Findings Niue conducted mapping of baseline LF endemicity by testing the total present and consenting population for LF antigen with immunochromatographic test (ICT) in 1999, when circulating filarial antigen prevalence was 3.1% (n = 1794). Five nationwide annual mass drug administration (MDA) rounds with albendazole (400 mg) and diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) were undertaken from 2000 to 2004, with coverage reported from distribution records ranging from 78 to 99% of the eligible population, which excluded pregnant women and children under 2 years of age. A further whole population survey using ICT in 2001 found 1.3% positive (n = 1630). In 2004, antigen prevalence had reduced to 0.2% (n = 1285). A similar post-MDA survey in 2009 indicated antigen prevalence to be 0.5% (n = 1378). Seven positive cases were re-tested and re-treated every six months until negative. Conclusions After five rounds of MDA, Niue had reduced the LF antigen population prevalence in all ages from 3.1% to below 1% and maintained this prevalence for a further five years. Due to Niue’s small population, surveillance was done by whole population surveys. Niue’s results support the WHO recommended strategy that five to six rounds of annual MDA with effective population coverage can successfully interrupt the transmission of LF. Niue received official acknowledgement of the validation of elimination of LF as a public health problem by the WHO Director-General and WHO Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO) Regional Director at the 67th session of the Regional Committee for the Western Pacific held in Manila in October 2016. |
topic |
Lymphatic filariasis Mass drug administration Niue Microfilaria Epidemiology Wuchereria bancrofti |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41182-019-0141-1 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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