Increase in non-professional phagocytosis during the progression of cell cycle.

Homotypic or heterotypic internalization of another, either living or necrotic cell is currently in the center of research interest. The active invasion of a living cell called entosis and cannibalism of cells by rapidly proliferating cancers are prominent examples. Additionally, normal healthy tiss...

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Main Authors: Alexander Hofmann, Florian Putz, Maike Büttner-Herold, Markus Hecht, Rainer Fietkau, Luitpold V Distel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246402
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spelling doaj-4986e852ea9a44e6a42fad3f7a57dd062021-08-06T04:31:04ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032021-01-01162e024640210.1371/journal.pone.0246402Increase in non-professional phagocytosis during the progression of cell cycle.Alexander HofmannFlorian PutzMaike Büttner-HeroldMarkus HechtRainer FietkauLuitpold V DistelHomotypic or heterotypic internalization of another, either living or necrotic cell is currently in the center of research interest. The active invasion of a living cell called entosis and cannibalism of cells by rapidly proliferating cancers are prominent examples. Additionally, normal healthy tissue cells are capable of non-professional phagocytosis. This project studied the relationship between non-professional phagocytosis, individual proliferation and cell cycle progression. Three mesenchymal and two epithelial normal tissue cell lines were studied for homotypic non-professional phagocytosis. Homotypic dead cells were co-incubated with adherent growing living cell layers. Living cells were synchronized by mitotic shake-off as well as Aphidicolin-treatment and phagocytotic activity was analyzed by immunostaining. Cell cycle phases were evaluated by flow cytometry. Mesenchymal and epithelial normal tissue cells were capable of internalizing dead cells. Epithelial cells had much higher non-professional phagocytotic rates than mesenchymal cells. Cells throughout the entire cell cycle were able to phagocytose. The phagocytotic rate significantly increased with progressing cell cycle phases. Mitotic cells regularly phagocytosed dead cells, this was verified by Nocodazole and Colcemid treatment. Taken together, our findings indicate the ability of human tissue cells to phagocytose necrotic neighboring cells in confluent cell layers. The origin of the cell line influences the rate of cell-in-cell structure formation. The higher cell-in-cell structure rates during cell cycle progression might be influenced by cytoskeletal reorganization during this period or indicate an evolutionary anchorage of the process. Recycling of nutrients during cell growth might also be an explanation.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246402
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Alexander Hofmann
Florian Putz
Maike Büttner-Herold
Markus Hecht
Rainer Fietkau
Luitpold V Distel
spellingShingle Alexander Hofmann
Florian Putz
Maike Büttner-Herold
Markus Hecht
Rainer Fietkau
Luitpold V Distel
Increase in non-professional phagocytosis during the progression of cell cycle.
PLoS ONE
author_facet Alexander Hofmann
Florian Putz
Maike Büttner-Herold
Markus Hecht
Rainer Fietkau
Luitpold V Distel
author_sort Alexander Hofmann
title Increase in non-professional phagocytosis during the progression of cell cycle.
title_short Increase in non-professional phagocytosis during the progression of cell cycle.
title_full Increase in non-professional phagocytosis during the progression of cell cycle.
title_fullStr Increase in non-professional phagocytosis during the progression of cell cycle.
title_full_unstemmed Increase in non-professional phagocytosis during the progression of cell cycle.
title_sort increase in non-professional phagocytosis during the progression of cell cycle.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
series PLoS ONE
issn 1932-6203
publishDate 2021-01-01
description Homotypic or heterotypic internalization of another, either living or necrotic cell is currently in the center of research interest. The active invasion of a living cell called entosis and cannibalism of cells by rapidly proliferating cancers are prominent examples. Additionally, normal healthy tissue cells are capable of non-professional phagocytosis. This project studied the relationship between non-professional phagocytosis, individual proliferation and cell cycle progression. Three mesenchymal and two epithelial normal tissue cell lines were studied for homotypic non-professional phagocytosis. Homotypic dead cells were co-incubated with adherent growing living cell layers. Living cells were synchronized by mitotic shake-off as well as Aphidicolin-treatment and phagocytotic activity was analyzed by immunostaining. Cell cycle phases were evaluated by flow cytometry. Mesenchymal and epithelial normal tissue cells were capable of internalizing dead cells. Epithelial cells had much higher non-professional phagocytotic rates than mesenchymal cells. Cells throughout the entire cell cycle were able to phagocytose. The phagocytotic rate significantly increased with progressing cell cycle phases. Mitotic cells regularly phagocytosed dead cells, this was verified by Nocodazole and Colcemid treatment. Taken together, our findings indicate the ability of human tissue cells to phagocytose necrotic neighboring cells in confluent cell layers. The origin of the cell line influences the rate of cell-in-cell structure formation. The higher cell-in-cell structure rates during cell cycle progression might be influenced by cytoskeletal reorganization during this period or indicate an evolutionary anchorage of the process. Recycling of nutrients during cell growth might also be an explanation.
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246402
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