Does a Confidence Level for Automated Driving Time Estimations Improve the Subjective Evaluation of an Automation HMI?
Current research in human factors and automated driving is increasingly focusing on predictable transitions instead of urgent and critical take-overs. Predictive human–machine interface (HMI) elements displaying the remaining time until the next request to intervene were identified as a user need, e...
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doaj-4a5aa6c457424703afed626f8c207bd62020-11-25T03:01:49ZengMDPI AGMultimodal Technologies and Interaction2414-40882020-07-014363610.3390/mti4030036Does a Confidence Level for Automated Driving Time Estimations Improve the Subjective Evaluation of an Automation HMI?Tobias Hecht0Simon Danner1Alexander Feierle2Klaus Bengler3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, BY 85748 Garching, GermanyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, BY 85748 Garching, GermanyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, BY 85748 Garching, GermanyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, BY 85748 Garching, GermanyCurrent research in human factors and automated driving is increasingly focusing on predictable transitions instead of urgent and critical take-overs. Predictive human–machine interface (HMI) elements displaying the remaining time until the next request to intervene were identified as a user need, especially when the user is engaging in non-driving related activities (NDRA). However, these estimations are prone to errors due to changing traffic conditions and updated map-based information. Thus, we investigated a confidence display for Level 3 automated driving time estimations. Based on a preliminary study, a confidence display resembling a mobile phone connectivity symbol was developed. In a mixed-design driving simulator study with 32 participants, we assessed the impact of the confidence display concept (within factor) on usability, frustration, trust and acceptance during city and highway automated driving (between factor). During automated driving sections, participants engaged in a naturalistic visual NDRA to create a realistic scenario. Significant effects were found for the scenario: participants in the city experienced higher levels of frustration. However, the confidence display has no significant impact on the subjective evaluation and most participants preferred the baseline HMI without a confidence symbol.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/4/3/36automated drivinghuman–machine interfaceconfidence displayusability |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tobias Hecht Simon Danner Alexander Feierle Klaus Bengler |
spellingShingle |
Tobias Hecht Simon Danner Alexander Feierle Klaus Bengler Does a Confidence Level for Automated Driving Time Estimations Improve the Subjective Evaluation of an Automation HMI? Multimodal Technologies and Interaction automated driving human–machine interface confidence display usability |
author_facet |
Tobias Hecht Simon Danner Alexander Feierle Klaus Bengler |
author_sort |
Tobias Hecht |
title |
Does a Confidence Level for Automated Driving Time Estimations Improve the Subjective Evaluation of an Automation HMI? |
title_short |
Does a Confidence Level for Automated Driving Time Estimations Improve the Subjective Evaluation of an Automation HMI? |
title_full |
Does a Confidence Level for Automated Driving Time Estimations Improve the Subjective Evaluation of an Automation HMI? |
title_fullStr |
Does a Confidence Level for Automated Driving Time Estimations Improve the Subjective Evaluation of an Automation HMI? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Does a Confidence Level for Automated Driving Time Estimations Improve the Subjective Evaluation of an Automation HMI? |
title_sort |
does a confidence level for automated driving time estimations improve the subjective evaluation of an automation hmi? |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Multimodal Technologies and Interaction |
issn |
2414-4088 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Current research in human factors and automated driving is increasingly focusing on predictable transitions instead of urgent and critical take-overs. Predictive human–machine interface (HMI) elements displaying the remaining time until the next request to intervene were identified as a user need, especially when the user is engaging in non-driving related activities (NDRA). However, these estimations are prone to errors due to changing traffic conditions and updated map-based information. Thus, we investigated a confidence display for Level 3 automated driving time estimations. Based on a preliminary study, a confidence display resembling a mobile phone connectivity symbol was developed. In a mixed-design driving simulator study with 32 participants, we assessed the impact of the confidence display concept (within factor) on usability, frustration, trust and acceptance during city and highway automated driving (between factor). During automated driving sections, participants engaged in a naturalistic visual NDRA to create a realistic scenario. Significant effects were found for the scenario: participants in the city experienced higher levels of frustration. However, the confidence display has no significant impact on the subjective evaluation and most participants preferred the baseline HMI without a confidence symbol. |
topic |
automated driving human–machine interface confidence display usability |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/4/3/36 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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