A Strategy for Quality Control of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) Venom Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Multi-Component Separation Combined with Quantitative Analysis

As a folk medicine of the Jingpo minority in Yunnan province, the venom of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> has been commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Quality standardization of the wasp venom is a necessary step for its pharmaceutical research and development. To control th...

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Main Authors:	Si-Tong Zhou, Kai Luan, Lian-Li Ni, Ying Wang, Shi-Meng Yuan, Yi-Hao Che, Zi-Zhong Yang, Cheng-Gui Zhang, Zhi-Bin Yang
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2019-08-01
Series:	Molecules
Subjects:	<i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) wasp venom HPLC fingerprint similarity analysis hierarchical clustering analysis principal component analysis identification
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/16/2920

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spelling	doaj-4a7b7baeae4e4becb2c05fa3325cb9b22020-11-25T01:54:18ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-08-012416292010.3390/molecules24162920molecules24162920A Strategy for Quality Control of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) Venom Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Multi-Component Separation Combined with Quantitative AnalysisSi-Tong Zhou0Kai Luan1Lian-Li Ni2Ying Wang3Shi-Meng Yuan4Yi-Hao Che5Zi-Zhong Yang6Cheng-Gui Zhang7Zhi-Bin Yang8Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, the National–Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, the National–Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, the National–Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, the National–Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, the National–Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, the National–Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, the National–Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, the National–Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, ChinaYunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, the National–Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali 671000, ChinaAs a folk medicine of the Jingpo minority in Yunnan province, the venom of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> has been commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Quality standardization of the wasp venom is a necessary step for its pharmaceutical research and development. To control the quality of the wasp venom, a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for chemical fingerprint analysis. In the chromatographic fingerprinting, chemometrics procedures, including similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), were applied to classify 134 batches (S1−S134) of wasp venom from different origins. The HPLC fingerprint method displayed good precision (Relative standard deviation, RSD < 0.27%), stability (in 16 h, RSD < 0.34%), and repeatability (RSD < 1.00%). Simultaneously, four compounds (VMS1, VMS2, VMS3, and VMS4) in the wasp venom were purified and identified. VMS1 was 5-hydroxytryptamine, and the other compounds were three peptides that were sequenced as follows: Gly−Arg−Pro−Hyp−Gly−Phe−Ser−Pro−Phe−Arg−Ile−Asp−NH<sub>2</sub> (VMS2), Ile−Asn−Leu−Lys−Ala−Ile−Ala−Ala−Leu−Ala−Lys−Lys−Leu−Leu−NH<sub>2</sub> (VMS3), and Phe−Leu−Pro−Ile−Ile−Gly−Lys−Leu−Leu−Ser−Gly−Leu−Leu−NH<sub>2</sub> (VMS4). The quantifications for these components were 110.2 mg/g, 26.9 mg/g, 216.3 mg/g, and 58.0 mg/g, respectively. The results of this work indicated that the combination of the chemical fingerprint and quantitative analysis offers a reasonable way to evaluate the quality of wasp venom.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/16/2920<i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith)wasp venomHPLC fingerprintsimilarity analysishierarchical clustering analysisprincipal component analysisidentification
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Si-Tong Zhou Kai Luan Lian-Li Ni Ying Wang Shi-Meng Yuan Yi-Hao Che Zi-Zhong Yang Cheng-Gui Zhang Zhi-Bin Yang
spellingShingle	Si-Tong Zhou Kai Luan Lian-Li Ni Ying Wang Shi-Meng Yuan Yi-Hao Che Zi-Zhong Yang Cheng-Gui Zhang Zhi-Bin Yang A Strategy for Quality Control of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) Venom Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Multi-Component Separation Combined with Quantitative Analysis Molecules <i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) wasp venom HPLC fingerprint similarity analysis hierarchical clustering analysis principal component analysis identification
author_facet	Si-Tong Zhou Kai Luan Lian-Li Ni Ying Wang Shi-Meng Yuan Yi-Hao Che Zi-Zhong Yang Cheng-Gui Zhang Zhi-Bin Yang
author_sort	Si-Tong Zhou
title	A Strategy for Quality Control of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) Venom Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Multi-Component Separation Combined with Quantitative Analysis
title_short	A Strategy for Quality Control of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) Venom Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Multi-Component Separation Combined with Quantitative Analysis
title_full	A Strategy for Quality Control of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) Venom Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Multi-Component Separation Combined with Quantitative Analysis
title_fullStr	A Strategy for Quality Control of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) Venom Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Multi-Component Separation Combined with Quantitative Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	A Strategy for Quality Control of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) Venom Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Multi-Component Separation Combined with Quantitative Analysis
title_sort	strategy for quality control of <i>vespa magnifica</i> (smith) venom based on hplc fingerprint analysis and multi-component separation combined with quantitative analysis
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Molecules
issn	1420-3049
publishDate	2019-08-01
description	As a folk medicine of the Jingpo minority in Yunnan province, the venom of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> has been commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Quality standardization of the wasp venom is a necessary step for its pharmaceutical research and development. To control the quality of the wasp venom, a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for chemical fingerprint analysis. In the chromatographic fingerprinting, chemometrics procedures, including similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), were applied to classify 134 batches (S1−S134) of wasp venom from different origins. The HPLC fingerprint method displayed good precision (Relative standard deviation, RSD < 0.27%), stability (in 16 h, RSD < 0.34%), and repeatability (RSD < 1.00%). Simultaneously, four compounds (VMS1, VMS2, VMS3, and VMS4) in the wasp venom were purified and identified. VMS1 was 5-hydroxytryptamine, and the other compounds were three peptides that were sequenced as follows: Gly−Arg−Pro−Hyp−Gly−Phe−Ser−Pro−Phe−Arg−Ile−Asp−NH<sub>2</sub> (VMS2), Ile−Asn−Leu−Lys−Ala−Ile−Ala−Ala−Leu−Ala−Lys−Lys−Leu−Leu−NH<sub>2</sub> (VMS3), and Phe−Leu−Pro−Ile−Ile−Gly−Lys−Leu−Leu−Ser−Gly−Leu−Leu−NH<sub>2</sub> (VMS4). The quantifications for these components were 110.2 mg/g, 26.9 mg/g, 216.3 mg/g, and 58.0 mg/g, respectively. The results of this work indicated that the combination of the chemical fingerprint and quantitative analysis offers a reasonable way to evaluate the quality of wasp venom.
topic	<i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) wasp venom HPLC fingerprint similarity analysis hierarchical clustering analysis principal component analysis identification
url	https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/16/2920
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A Strategy for Quality Control of <i>Vespa magnifica</i> (Smith) Venom Based on HPLC Fingerprint Analysis and Multi-Component Separation Combined with Quantitative Analysis

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