Lemon Balm and Its Constituent, Rosmarinic Acid, Alleviate Liver Damage in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges in severity from hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis. Lemon balm and its major constituent, rosmarinic acid (RA), effectively improve the liver injury and obesity; however, their therapeutic effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are unknown. In thi...
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doaj-4acfa94ed08749079638541016e09cff2020-11-25T02:03:00ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-04-01121166116610.3390/nu12041166Lemon Balm and Its Constituent, Rosmarinic Acid, Alleviate Liver Damage in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic SteatohepatitisMyungsuk Kim0GyHye Yoo1Ahmad Randy2Yang-Ju Son3Chi Rac Hong4Sang Min Kim5Chu Won Nho6Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, KoreaSmart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, KoreaResearch Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong 15314, IndonesiaSmart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, KoreaSmart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, KoreaSmart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, KoreaSmart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, KoreaNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges in severity from hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis. Lemon balm and its major constituent, rosmarinic acid (RA), effectively improve the liver injury and obesity; however, their therapeutic effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of RA and a lemon balm extract (LBE) on NAFLD and liver fibrosis and elucidated their mechanisms. Palmitic acid (PA)-exposed HepG2 cells and db/db mice fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet were utilized to exhibit symptoms of human NASH. LBE and RA treatments alleviated the oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and modulated lipid metabolism-related gene expression by the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in vitro and in vivo. LBE and RA treatments inhibited the expression of genes involved in hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Together, LBE and RA could improve liver damage by non-alcoholic lipid accumulation and may be promising medications to treat NASH.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/1166nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)lemon balm extract (LBE)rosmarinic acid (RA)AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)antioxidantsanti-inflammation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Myungsuk Kim GyHye Yoo Ahmad Randy Yang-Ju Son Chi Rac Hong Sang Min Kim Chu Won Nho |
spellingShingle |
Myungsuk Kim GyHye Yoo Ahmad Randy Yang-Ju Son Chi Rac Hong Sang Min Kim Chu Won Nho Lemon Balm and Its Constituent, Rosmarinic Acid, Alleviate Liver Damage in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Nutrients nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) lemon balm extract (LBE) rosmarinic acid (RA) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) antioxidants anti-inflammation |
author_facet |
Myungsuk Kim GyHye Yoo Ahmad Randy Yang-Ju Son Chi Rac Hong Sang Min Kim Chu Won Nho |
author_sort |
Myungsuk Kim |
title |
Lemon Balm and Its Constituent, Rosmarinic Acid, Alleviate Liver Damage in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
title_short |
Lemon Balm and Its Constituent, Rosmarinic Acid, Alleviate Liver Damage in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
title_full |
Lemon Balm and Its Constituent, Rosmarinic Acid, Alleviate Liver Damage in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
title_fullStr |
Lemon Balm and Its Constituent, Rosmarinic Acid, Alleviate Liver Damage in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Lemon Balm and Its Constituent, Rosmarinic Acid, Alleviate Liver Damage in an Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis |
title_sort |
lemon balm and its constituent, rosmarinic acid, alleviate liver damage in an animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges in severity from hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis. Lemon balm and its major constituent, rosmarinic acid (RA), effectively improve the liver injury and obesity; however, their therapeutic effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of RA and a lemon balm extract (LBE) on NAFLD and liver fibrosis and elucidated their mechanisms. Palmitic acid (PA)-exposed HepG2 cells and db/db mice fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet were utilized to exhibit symptoms of human NASH. LBE and RA treatments alleviated the oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and modulated lipid metabolism-related gene expression by the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in vitro and in vivo. LBE and RA treatments inhibited the expression of genes involved in hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Together, LBE and RA could improve liver damage by non-alcoholic lipid accumulation and may be promising medications to treat NASH. |
topic |
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) lemon balm extract (LBE) rosmarinic acid (RA) AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) antioxidants anti-inflammation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/1166 |
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