Evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus
Abstract Background Extensive and indiscriminate use of pesticides gradually destroys the environment (ecosystem), poses serious threats to human health, animal life (especially aquatic), plant forms, soil, water, and also lead to emergence of resilient species of life forms that are becoming resist...
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doaj-4b55a65213344c2ea947b1133848d5792021-01-10T12:22:20ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Basic and Applied Zoology2090-990X2021-01-0182111110.1186/s41936-020-00201-yEvaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinusSamuel U. Ezenwosu0Emmanuel I. Nnamonu1Gregory Ejikeme Odo2Bright C. Ikele3Ogonna C. Ani4Department of Biology, Federal College of EducationDepartment of Biology, Federal College of EducationDepartment of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of NigeriaDepartment of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of NigeriaDepartment of Applied Biology, Ebonyi State UniversityAbstract Background Extensive and indiscriminate use of pesticides gradually destroys the environment (ecosystem), poses serious threats to human health, animal life (especially aquatic), plant forms, soil, water, and also lead to emergence of resilient species of life forms that are becoming resistant to pesticides. The present study focused on evaluating lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus. Results A total of 120 C. gariepinus 16 to 40 cm SL and 200 to 250 g bodyweights (assigned into treatments 0.00 (control), 2.5 × 10−4 μg/L, 5.0 × 10−4 μg/L, and 6.25×10−4 μg/L (A-D) lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), each treatment consisted of 30 fishes, replicated three times, 10 fishes per replicate) were used for this study. On day 7, catalase activity (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all treatments compared with control. Day 14, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GPx significantly increased (p < 0.05). All parameters significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 21 and 28 except SOD (day 21). All parameters increased significantly on day 28 across the row in all treatments. The significant increase (p < 0.05) in SOD, (malondialdehyde) MDA, GPx, and glutathione reductase (GR) levels returned to normal after 7 days of depuration but CAT level did not return to normal. The testes photomicrographs showed necrotic conditions in the spermatogenic cells with nuclear pyknosis and cytoplasmic swelling while that of the ovary displayed vacuolations, flabby oocytes, and degenerated ovaries changes. Conclusion Lambda-cyhalothrin is toxic to C. gariepinus. The inability of significant increase in CAT to return to normal after 7 days of depuration further confirms our report.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-020-00201-yLambda-cyhalothrinClarias gariepinusOxidative stress biomarkersGonad-histology |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Samuel U. Ezenwosu Emmanuel I. Nnamonu Gregory Ejikeme Odo Bright C. Ikele Ogonna C. Ani |
spellingShingle |
Samuel U. Ezenwosu Emmanuel I. Nnamonu Gregory Ejikeme Odo Bright C. Ikele Ogonna C. Ani Evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology Lambda-cyhalothrin Clarias gariepinus Oxidative stress biomarkers Gonad-histology |
author_facet |
Samuel U. Ezenwosu Emmanuel I. Nnamonu Gregory Ejikeme Odo Bright C. Ikele Ogonna C. Ani |
author_sort |
Samuel U. Ezenwosu |
title |
Evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus |
title_short |
Evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus |
title_full |
Evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus |
title_sort |
evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in clarias gariepinus |
publisher |
SpringerOpen |
series |
Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology |
issn |
2090-990X |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Extensive and indiscriminate use of pesticides gradually destroys the environment (ecosystem), poses serious threats to human health, animal life (especially aquatic), plant forms, soil, water, and also lead to emergence of resilient species of life forms that are becoming resistant to pesticides. The present study focused on evaluating lambda-cyhalothrin oxidative stress and gonad histoarchitecture toxicity potency in Clarias gariepinus. Results A total of 120 C. gariepinus 16 to 40 cm SL and 200 to 250 g bodyweights (assigned into treatments 0.00 (control), 2.5 × 10−4 μg/L, 5.0 × 10−4 μg/L, and 6.25×10−4 μg/L (A-D) lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), each treatment consisted of 30 fishes, replicated three times, 10 fishes per replicate) were used for this study. On day 7, catalase activity (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all treatments compared with control. Day 14, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GPx significantly increased (p < 0.05). All parameters significantly increased (p < 0.05) on days 21 and 28 except SOD (day 21). All parameters increased significantly on day 28 across the row in all treatments. The significant increase (p < 0.05) in SOD, (malondialdehyde) MDA, GPx, and glutathione reductase (GR) levels returned to normal after 7 days of depuration but CAT level did not return to normal. The testes photomicrographs showed necrotic conditions in the spermatogenic cells with nuclear pyknosis and cytoplasmic swelling while that of the ovary displayed vacuolations, flabby oocytes, and degenerated ovaries changes. Conclusion Lambda-cyhalothrin is toxic to C. gariepinus. The inability of significant increase in CAT to return to normal after 7 days of depuration further confirms our report. |
topic |
Lambda-cyhalothrin Clarias gariepinus Oxidative stress biomarkers Gonad-histology |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-020-00201-y |
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