Cortical representation of auricular muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study.
BACKGROUND:Most humans have the ability to activate the auricular muscles. Although (intentional) control suggests an involvement of higher cortical centers underlying posterior auricular muscle (PAM) activation, the cortical representation of the auricular muscles is still unknown. METHODS:With the...
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doaj-4ba8543ae479492ca62fc17b24fe0a102020-11-24T21:55:53ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032018-01-01137e020127710.1371/journal.pone.0201277Cortical representation of auricular muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study.Jonna MeinckeManuel HewittMarkus ReischlRüdiger RuppCarsten Schmidt-SamoaDavid LiebetanzBACKGROUND:Most humans have the ability to activate the auricular muscles. Although (intentional) control suggests an involvement of higher cortical centers underlying posterior auricular muscle (PAM) activation, the cortical representation of the auricular muscles is still unknown. METHODS:With the purpose of identifying a possible cortical representation area we performed automated robotic and image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping (n = 8) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (n = 13). For topographical comparison, a similar experimental protocol was applied for the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) of the hand. RESULTS:The calculated centers of gravity (COGs) of both muscles were located on the precentral gyrus with the PAM COGs located more laterally compared to the FDI. The distance between the mean PAM and mean FDI COG was 26.3 mm. The TMS mapping results were confirmed by fMRI, which showed a dominance of cortical activation within the precentral gyrus during the corresponding motor tasks. The correspondence of TMS and fMRI results was high. CONCLUSION:The involvement of the primary motor cortex in PAM activation might point to an evolved function of the auricular muscles in humans and/or the ability of intentional (and selective) muscle activation.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6065161?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jonna Meincke Manuel Hewitt Markus Reischl Rüdiger Rupp Carsten Schmidt-Samoa David Liebetanz |
spellingShingle |
Jonna Meincke Manuel Hewitt Markus Reischl Rüdiger Rupp Carsten Schmidt-Samoa David Liebetanz Cortical representation of auricular muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Jonna Meincke Manuel Hewitt Markus Reischl Rüdiger Rupp Carsten Schmidt-Samoa David Liebetanz |
author_sort |
Jonna Meincke |
title |
Cortical representation of auricular muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study. |
title_short |
Cortical representation of auricular muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study. |
title_full |
Cortical representation of auricular muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study. |
title_fullStr |
Cortical representation of auricular muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cortical representation of auricular muscles in humans: A robot-controlled TMS mapping and fMRI study. |
title_sort |
cortical representation of auricular muscles in humans: a robot-controlled tms mapping and fmri study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Most humans have the ability to activate the auricular muscles. Although (intentional) control suggests an involvement of higher cortical centers underlying posterior auricular muscle (PAM) activation, the cortical representation of the auricular muscles is still unknown. METHODS:With the purpose of identifying a possible cortical representation area we performed automated robotic and image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) mapping (n = 8) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (n = 13). For topographical comparison, a similar experimental protocol was applied for the first dorsal interosseus muscle (FDI) of the hand. RESULTS:The calculated centers of gravity (COGs) of both muscles were located on the precentral gyrus with the PAM COGs located more laterally compared to the FDI. The distance between the mean PAM and mean FDI COG was 26.3 mm. The TMS mapping results were confirmed by fMRI, which showed a dominance of cortical activation within the precentral gyrus during the corresponding motor tasks. The correspondence of TMS and fMRI results was high. CONCLUSION:The involvement of the primary motor cortex in PAM activation might point to an evolved function of the auricular muscles in humans and/or the ability of intentional (and selective) muscle activation. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6065161?pdf=render |
work_keys_str_mv |
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