Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes
Carrots are consumed worldwide. Several meta-analysis studies on carrot consumption have indicated that carrots play a central role as a protecting vegetable against development of different types of cancers. A cancer-preventive role of carrots is plausible because they are the main dietary source o...
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doaj-4be33f99f7394138bfbb875dddded7db2020-11-25T01:12:57ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-01-0112233210.3390/nu12020332nu12020332Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 DanesUlrik Deding0Gunnar Baatrup1Lars Porskjær Christensen2Morten Kobaek-Larsen3Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, DenmarkCarrots are consumed worldwide. Several meta-analysis studies on carrot consumption have indicated that carrots play a central role as a protecting vegetable against development of different types of cancers. A cancer-preventive role of carrots is plausible because they are the main dietary source of the bioactive polyacetylenic oxylipins falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH), which have shown anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity in numerous in vitro studies. In addition, purified FaOH and FaDOH have, in recent studies in colorectal cancer (CRC)-primed rats, demonstrated an anti-neoplastic effect in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms of action for this effect appears to be due to inhibition of pro-inflammatory and transcription factor biomarkers for inflammation and cancer. However, studies of the CRC-preventive effect of carrots in a large cohort are still missing. We therefore examined the risk of being diagnosed with CRC as predicted by intake of carrots in a Danish population of 57,053 individuals with a long follow-up. Self-reported intake of raw carrots at a baseline of 2−4 carrots or more each week (>32 g/day) was associated with a 17% decrease in risk of CRC with a mean follow-up of >18 years, compared to individuals with no intake of raw carrots even after extensive model adjustments (HR 0.83 CI 95% 0.71; 0.98). An intake below 2−4 carrots each week (<32 g/day) was not significantly associated with reduced risk of CRC (HR 0.93 CI 95% 0.82; 1.06). The results of this prospective cohort study clearly support the results from studies in cancer-primed rats for CRC and hence a CRC-preventive effect of carrots.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/2/332carrotsapiaceous vegetablescolorectal cancerriskcohort study |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ulrik Deding Gunnar Baatrup Lars Porskjær Christensen Morten Kobaek-Larsen |
spellingShingle |
Ulrik Deding Gunnar Baatrup Lars Porskjær Christensen Morten Kobaek-Larsen Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes Nutrients carrots apiaceous vegetables colorectal cancer risk cohort study |
author_facet |
Ulrik Deding Gunnar Baatrup Lars Porskjær Christensen Morten Kobaek-Larsen |
author_sort |
Ulrik Deding |
title |
Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes |
title_short |
Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes |
title_full |
Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes |
title_fullStr |
Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carrot Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 57,053 Danes |
title_sort |
carrot intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study of 57,053 danes |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Carrots are consumed worldwide. Several meta-analysis studies on carrot consumption have indicated that carrots play a central role as a protecting vegetable against development of different types of cancers. A cancer-preventive role of carrots is plausible because they are the main dietary source of the bioactive polyacetylenic oxylipins falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH), which have shown anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity in numerous in vitro studies. In addition, purified FaOH and FaDOH have, in recent studies in colorectal cancer (CRC)-primed rats, demonstrated an anti-neoplastic effect in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms of action for this effect appears to be due to inhibition of pro-inflammatory and transcription factor biomarkers for inflammation and cancer. However, studies of the CRC-preventive effect of carrots in a large cohort are still missing. We therefore examined the risk of being diagnosed with CRC as predicted by intake of carrots in a Danish population of 57,053 individuals with a long follow-up. Self-reported intake of raw carrots at a baseline of 2−4 carrots or more each week (>32 g/day) was associated with a 17% decrease in risk of CRC with a mean follow-up of >18 years, compared to individuals with no intake of raw carrots even after extensive model adjustments (HR 0.83 CI 95% 0.71; 0.98). An intake below 2−4 carrots each week (<32 g/day) was not significantly associated with reduced risk of CRC (HR 0.93 CI 95% 0.82; 1.06). The results of this prospective cohort study clearly support the results from studies in cancer-primed rats for CRC and hence a CRC-preventive effect of carrots. |
topic |
carrots apiaceous vegetables colorectal cancer risk cohort study |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/2/332 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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