Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in Mechanomolecules
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cone-shaped molecular rings that have been widely employed in supramolecular/host−guest chemistry because of their low cost, high biocompatibility, stability, wide availability in multiple sizes, and their promiscuity for binding a range of molecular guests in water...
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doaj-4c11ce6cd9dc436f9e26bc0ca0dae9b32020-11-25T01:26:12ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942019-10-011110124910.3390/sym11101249sym11101249Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in MechanomoleculesCarson J. Bruns0ATLAS Institute, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1125 18th St., UCB 320, Rm 223, Boulder, CO 80309, USACyclodextrins (CDs) are cone-shaped molecular rings that have been widely employed in supramolecular/host−guest chemistry because of their low cost, high biocompatibility, stability, wide availability in multiple sizes, and their promiscuity for binding a range of molecular guests in water. Consequently, CD-based host−guest complexes are often employed as templates for the synthesis of mechanically bonded molecules (mechanomolecules) such as catenanes, rotaxanes, and polyrotaxanes in particular. The conical shape and cyclodirectionality of the CD “bead” gives rise to a symmetry-breaking effect when it is threaded onto a molecular “string”; even symmetrical guests are rendered asymmetric by the presence of an encircling CD host. This review focuses on the stereochemical implications of this symmetry-breaking effect in mechanomolecules, including orientational isomerism, mechanically planar chirality, and topological chirality, as well as how they support applications in regioselective and stereoselective chemical synthesis, the design of molecular machine prototypes, and the development of advanced materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/10/1249catenanerotaxanemachanomoleculestereochemistrymechanostereochemistrychiralityisomerismmolecular machinecyclodectrin |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Carson J. Bruns |
spellingShingle |
Carson J. Bruns Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in Mechanomolecules Symmetry catenane rotaxane machanomolecule stereochemistry mechanostereochemistry chirality isomerism molecular machine cyclodectrin |
author_facet |
Carson J. Bruns |
author_sort |
Carson J. Bruns |
title |
Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in Mechanomolecules |
title_short |
Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in Mechanomolecules |
title_full |
Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in Mechanomolecules |
title_fullStr |
Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in Mechanomolecules |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in Mechanomolecules |
title_sort |
exploring and exploiting the symmetry-breaking effect of cyclodextrins in mechanomolecules |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Symmetry |
issn |
2073-8994 |
publishDate |
2019-10-01 |
description |
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cone-shaped molecular rings that have been widely employed in supramolecular/host−guest chemistry because of their low cost, high biocompatibility, stability, wide availability in multiple sizes, and their promiscuity for binding a range of molecular guests in water. Consequently, CD-based host−guest complexes are often employed as templates for the synthesis of mechanically bonded molecules (mechanomolecules) such as catenanes, rotaxanes, and polyrotaxanes in particular. The conical shape and cyclodirectionality of the CD “bead” gives rise to a symmetry-breaking effect when it is threaded onto a molecular “string”; even symmetrical guests are rendered asymmetric by the presence of an encircling CD host. This review focuses on the stereochemical implications of this symmetry-breaking effect in mechanomolecules, including orientational isomerism, mechanically planar chirality, and topological chirality, as well as how they support applications in regioselective and stereoselective chemical synthesis, the design of molecular machine prototypes, and the development of advanced materials. |
topic |
catenane rotaxane machanomolecule stereochemistry mechanostereochemistry chirality isomerism molecular machine cyclodectrin |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/11/10/1249 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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