Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass: the role of glycosyl hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases
Lignocellulose constitutes a major component of discarded wastes from various industries viz. agriculture, forestry and municipal waste treatment. The potential use of lignocellulose from such types of biomass can be maximized by enzymatic degradation using glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and oxidative e...
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2017-07-01
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doaj-4c92690f6b124042a5a905178df8cee72020-11-25T02:19:27ZengTaylor & Francis GroupBiotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment1310-28181314-35302017-07-0131464766210.1080/13102818.2017.13301241330124Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass: the role of glycosyl hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenasesUchenna Regina Ezeilo0Iffah Izzati Zakaria1Fahrul Huyop2Roswanira Abdul Wahab3Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaMinistry of Science, Technology and InnovationUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaLignocellulose constitutes a major component of discarded wastes from various industries viz. agriculture, forestry and municipal waste treatment. The potential use of lignocellulose from such types of biomass can be maximized by enzymatic degradation using glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and oxidative enzymes to produce renewable fuels. Nonetheless, besides the slow rate of degradation and low yields, lignocellulose is also physicochemically recalcitrant and costly to process, further limiting its mass utilization. Therefore, bioprospecting for micro-organisms producing efficient lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) to overcome these drawbacks may prove beneficial. The use of GHs and LPMOs can potentially help to circumvent some limitations in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. LPMOs are classified as family GH61 or family 33 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM33), whose unusual surface-exposed active site is bound to a copper (II) ion. To date, there are more than 20 known genes encoding cellulose-active LPMOs in bacteria and fungi, with diverse biological activities. Only by thorough comprehension of the diversity, enzymology and role of primary GHs, i.e. celullases and their oxidative machinery can the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass be improved. This review provides insight into the diversity, structure and mechanisms, structural and functional aspects of the oxidative breakdown of cellulose by LPMOs of the cellulose-active GH family.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2017.1330124Biofuelscellulaseglycosyl hydrolaseslignocellulosic degradationlytic polysaccharide monooxygenaseLPMO |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Uchenna Regina Ezeilo Iffah Izzati Zakaria Fahrul Huyop Roswanira Abdul Wahab |
spellingShingle |
Uchenna Regina Ezeilo Iffah Izzati Zakaria Fahrul Huyop Roswanira Abdul Wahab Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass: the role of glycosyl hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment Biofuels cellulase glycosyl hydrolases lignocellulosic degradation lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase LPMO |
author_facet |
Uchenna Regina Ezeilo Iffah Izzati Zakaria Fahrul Huyop Roswanira Abdul Wahab |
author_sort |
Uchenna Regina Ezeilo |
title |
Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass: the role of glycosyl hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases |
title_short |
Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass: the role of glycosyl hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases |
title_full |
Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass: the role of glycosyl hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases |
title_fullStr |
Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass: the role of glycosyl hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass: the role of glycosyl hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases |
title_sort |
enzymatic breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass: the role of glycosyl hydrolases and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases |
publisher |
Taylor & Francis Group |
series |
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment |
issn |
1310-2818 1314-3530 |
publishDate |
2017-07-01 |
description |
Lignocellulose constitutes a major component of discarded wastes from various industries viz. agriculture, forestry and municipal waste treatment. The potential use of lignocellulose from such types of biomass can be maximized by enzymatic degradation using glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and oxidative enzymes to produce renewable fuels. Nonetheless, besides the slow rate of degradation and low yields, lignocellulose is also physicochemically recalcitrant and costly to process, further limiting its mass utilization. Therefore, bioprospecting for micro-organisms producing efficient lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) to overcome these drawbacks may prove beneficial. The use of GHs and LPMOs can potentially help to circumvent some limitations in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. LPMOs are classified as family GH61 or family 33 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM33), whose unusual surface-exposed active site is bound to a copper (II) ion. To date, there are more than 20 known genes encoding cellulose-active LPMOs in bacteria and fungi, with diverse biological activities. Only by thorough comprehension of the diversity, enzymology and role of primary GHs, i.e. celullases and their oxidative machinery can the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass be improved. This review provides insight into the diversity, structure and mechanisms, structural and functional aspects of the oxidative breakdown of cellulose by LPMOs of the cellulose-active GH family. |
topic |
Biofuels cellulase glycosyl hydrolases lignocellulosic degradation lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase LPMO |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2017.1330124 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1724876881965088768 |