Soil lead immobilization by biochars in short-term laboratory incubation studies
Exchangeable lead (Pb) extracted by ammonium acetate from three independent incubation studies was assessed to understand the influence of feedstock, pyrolysis temperatures, and production conditions on Pb immobilization capacities of different biochars. Vegetable waste biochar, pine cone, wood bark...
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2019-06-01
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doaj-4cf64567a5a94d9b9563d3d8d702432c2020-11-25T02:02:12ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202019-06-01127190198Soil lead immobilization by biochars in short-term laboratory incubation studiesAvanthi Deshani Igalavithana0Eilhann E. Kwon1Meththika Vithanage2Jörg Rinklebe3Deok Hyun Moon4Erik Meers5Daniel C.W. Tsang6Yong Sik Ok7Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaOffice of the Dean, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri LankaDepartment of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil-and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, GermanyDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of KoreaGhent University, Dept. Green Chemistry & Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, ChinaKorea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author.Exchangeable lead (Pb) extracted by ammonium acetate from three independent incubation studies was assessed to understand the influence of feedstock, pyrolysis temperatures, and production conditions on Pb immobilization capacities of different biochars. Vegetable waste biochar, pine cone, wood bark, cocopeat, red pepper stalk, and palm kernel shell were used as feedstocks (food supply and agricultural wastes) to produce biochars at 200–650 °C with and without N2/CO2. Biochars were applied at 5 and 2.5% (w w−1) to a Pb contaminated (i.e., 1445 mg kg−1) agricultural soil collected near an old mine. Lead immobilization in biochar treated soils at the end of incubation period was normalized per gram of biochar applied. Biochar produced from vegetable waste at 500 °C showed the highest Pb immobilization (87%) and highest total exchangeable cations (13.5 cmol(+) kg−1) at the end of the 45 d incubation period. However, on the basis of Pb immobilization per gram of biochar, red pepper stalk biochar produced in CO2 at 650 °C was the best in Pb immobilization (0.09 mg kg−1 g−1 biochar) compared to the other biochars. The enhanced ability to immobilize Pb by biochar produced in CO2 could be due to the presence of siloxanes (SiOSi) on biochar surface. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that alkaline pH, ash%, and N% of biochars influence in Pb immobilization and exchangeable cation availability in soil. Biochar production atmosphere considerably change its properties that influence Pb immobilization. Further studies are needed on the modification of properties and Pb immobilization by biochars produced from various feedstocks in CO2. Keywords: CO2 pyrolysis, Soil stabilization, Metals/metalloids, Waste valorization/recycling, Black carbon, Engineered biocharhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018330022 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana Eilhann E. Kwon Meththika Vithanage Jörg Rinklebe Deok Hyun Moon Erik Meers Daniel C.W. Tsang Yong Sik Ok |
spellingShingle |
Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana Eilhann E. Kwon Meththika Vithanage Jörg Rinklebe Deok Hyun Moon Erik Meers Daniel C.W. Tsang Yong Sik Ok Soil lead immobilization by biochars in short-term laboratory incubation studies Environment International |
author_facet |
Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana Eilhann E. Kwon Meththika Vithanage Jörg Rinklebe Deok Hyun Moon Erik Meers Daniel C.W. Tsang Yong Sik Ok |
author_sort |
Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana |
title |
Soil lead immobilization by biochars in short-term laboratory incubation studies |
title_short |
Soil lead immobilization by biochars in short-term laboratory incubation studies |
title_full |
Soil lead immobilization by biochars in short-term laboratory incubation studies |
title_fullStr |
Soil lead immobilization by biochars in short-term laboratory incubation studies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Soil lead immobilization by biochars in short-term laboratory incubation studies |
title_sort |
soil lead immobilization by biochars in short-term laboratory incubation studies |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Environment International |
issn |
0160-4120 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Exchangeable lead (Pb) extracted by ammonium acetate from three independent incubation studies was assessed to understand the influence of feedstock, pyrolysis temperatures, and production conditions on Pb immobilization capacities of different biochars. Vegetable waste biochar, pine cone, wood bark, cocopeat, red pepper stalk, and palm kernel shell were used as feedstocks (food supply and agricultural wastes) to produce biochars at 200–650 °C with and without N2/CO2. Biochars were applied at 5 and 2.5% (w w−1) to a Pb contaminated (i.e., 1445 mg kg−1) agricultural soil collected near an old mine. Lead immobilization in biochar treated soils at the end of incubation period was normalized per gram of biochar applied. Biochar produced from vegetable waste at 500 °C showed the highest Pb immobilization (87%) and highest total exchangeable cations (13.5 cmol(+) kg−1) at the end of the 45 d incubation period. However, on the basis of Pb immobilization per gram of biochar, red pepper stalk biochar produced in CO2 at 650 °C was the best in Pb immobilization (0.09 mg kg−1 g−1 biochar) compared to the other biochars. The enhanced ability to immobilize Pb by biochar produced in CO2 could be due to the presence of siloxanes (SiOSi) on biochar surface. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that alkaline pH, ash%, and N% of biochars influence in Pb immobilization and exchangeable cation availability in soil. Biochar production atmosphere considerably change its properties that influence Pb immobilization. Further studies are needed on the modification of properties and Pb immobilization by biochars produced from various feedstocks in CO2. Keywords: CO2 pyrolysis, Soil stabilization, Metals/metalloids, Waste valorization/recycling, Black carbon, Engineered biochar |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018330022 |
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