Real Time Anti-<em>Toxoplasma gondii </em>Activity of an Active Fraction of <em>Eurycoma longifolia</em> Root Studied by <em>in Situ</em> Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy
The inhibitory effect of active fractions of <em>Eurycoma<strong> </strong>longifolia </em>(<em>E. longifolia</em>)<em> </em>root, namely TAF355 and TAF401, were evaluated against <...
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doaj-4d1ccae459f5445ab6ad0b1fdf2190422020-11-24T22:42:31ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492012-08-011789207921910.3390/molecules17089207Real Time Anti-<em>Toxoplasma gondii </em>Activity of an Active Fraction of <em>Eurycoma longifolia</em> Root Studied by <em>in Situ</em> Scanning and Transmission Electron MicroscopySreenivasan SasidharanChan Kit-LamRahmah NoordinNowroji KavithaThe inhibitory effect of active fractions of <em>Eurycoma<strong> </strong>longifolia </em>(<em>E. longifolia</em>)<em> </em>root, namely TAF355 and TAF401, were evaluated against <em>Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). </em>In our previous study, we demonstrated that <em>T. gondii </em>was susceptible to TAF355 and TAF401 with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.125 µg/mL and 1.375 µg/mL, respectively. Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were used to study the <em>in situ </em>antiparasitic activity at the IC<sub>50</sub> value. Clindamycin was used as positive control. SEM examination revealed cell wall alterations with formation of invaginations followed by completely collapsed cells compared to the normal <em>T. gondii </em>cells in response to the fractions. The main abnormality noted via TEM study was decreased cytoplasmic volume, leaving a state of structural disorganization within the cell cytoplasm and destruction of its organelles as early as 12 h of treatment, which indicated of rapid antiparasitic activity of the <em>E. longifolia</em> fractions. The significant antiparasitic activity shown by the TAF355 and TAF401 active fractions of <em>E. longifolia </em>suggests their potential as new anti-<em>T. gondii </em>agent candidates.<em> </em>http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/17/8/9207<em>Toxoplasma gondii</em><em>Eurycoma longifolia</em>transmission electron microscopescanning electron microscopetoxoplasmosis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sreenivasan Sasidharan Chan Kit-Lam Rahmah Noordin Nowroji Kavitha |
spellingShingle |
Sreenivasan Sasidharan Chan Kit-Lam Rahmah Noordin Nowroji Kavitha Real Time Anti-<em>Toxoplasma gondii </em>Activity of an Active Fraction of <em>Eurycoma longifolia</em> Root Studied by <em>in Situ</em> Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy Molecules <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> <em>Eurycoma longifolia</em> transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscope toxoplasmosis |
author_facet |
Sreenivasan Sasidharan Chan Kit-Lam Rahmah Noordin Nowroji Kavitha |
author_sort |
Sreenivasan Sasidharan |
title |
Real Time Anti-<em>Toxoplasma gondii </em>Activity of an Active Fraction of <em>Eurycoma longifolia</em> Root Studied by <em>in Situ</em> Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy |
title_short |
Real Time Anti-<em>Toxoplasma gondii </em>Activity of an Active Fraction of <em>Eurycoma longifolia</em> Root Studied by <em>in Situ</em> Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy |
title_full |
Real Time Anti-<em>Toxoplasma gondii </em>Activity of an Active Fraction of <em>Eurycoma longifolia</em> Root Studied by <em>in Situ</em> Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy |
title_fullStr |
Real Time Anti-<em>Toxoplasma gondii </em>Activity of an Active Fraction of <em>Eurycoma longifolia</em> Root Studied by <em>in Situ</em> Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Real Time Anti-<em>Toxoplasma gondii </em>Activity of an Active Fraction of <em>Eurycoma longifolia</em> Root Studied by <em>in Situ</em> Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy |
title_sort |
real time anti-<em>toxoplasma gondii </em>activity of an active fraction of <em>eurycoma longifolia</em> root studied by <em>in situ</em> scanning and transmission electron microscopy |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2012-08-01 |
description |
The inhibitory effect of active fractions of <em>Eurycoma<strong> </strong>longifolia </em>(<em>E. longifolia</em>)<em> </em>root, namely TAF355 and TAF401, were evaluated against <em>Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). </em>In our previous study, we demonstrated that <em>T. gondii </em>was susceptible to TAF355 and TAF401 with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.125 µg/mL and 1.375 µg/mL, respectively. Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were used to study the <em>in situ </em>antiparasitic activity at the IC<sub>50</sub> value. Clindamycin was used as positive control. SEM examination revealed cell wall alterations with formation of invaginations followed by completely collapsed cells compared to the normal <em>T. gondii </em>cells in response to the fractions. The main abnormality noted via TEM study was decreased cytoplasmic volume, leaving a state of structural disorganization within the cell cytoplasm and destruction of its organelles as early as 12 h of treatment, which indicated of rapid antiparasitic activity of the <em>E. longifolia</em> fractions. The significant antiparasitic activity shown by the TAF355 and TAF401 active fractions of <em>E. longifolia </em>suggests their potential as new anti-<em>T. gondii </em>agent candidates.<em> </em> |
topic |
<em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> <em>Eurycoma longifolia</em> transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscope toxoplasmosis |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/17/8/9207 |
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