Characterization of Alginate from <i>Sargassum duplicatum</i> and the Antioxidant Effect of Alginate–Okra Fruit Extracts Combination for Wound Healing on Diabetic Mice
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood-glucose levels over a prolonged period that causes complications when an open wound is present. Alginate is an antioxidant and a good absorbent of exudates. Okra fruit contains flavonoids that can act as antioxidants. Th...
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doaj-4da3f0796f4e4fbe98055d9469c633332020-11-25T04:03:52ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-09-01106082608210.3390/app10176082Characterization of Alginate from <i>Sargassum duplicatum</i> and the Antioxidant Effect of Alginate–Okra Fruit Extracts Combination for Wound Healing on Diabetic MiceZulfa Nailul Ilmi0Pugar Arga Cristina Wulandari1Saikhu Akhmad Husen2Dwi Winarni3Mochammad Amin Alamsjah4Khalijah Awang5Marco Vastano6Alessandro Pellis7Duncan Macquarrie8Pratiwi Pudjiastuti9Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDepartment of Marine, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UKDepartment of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UKDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaDiabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood-glucose levels over a prolonged period that causes complications when an open wound is present. Alginate is an antioxidant and a good absorbent of exudates. Okra fruit contains flavonoids that can act as antioxidants. The antioxidant properties of extracts combination reduce blood-glucose levels significantly to accelerate the activities of wound-healing processes on diabetic mice. Alginate was characterized by Size Exclusion Chromatography-Multiple Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), thermal stability and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR). The evaluation of wound healing on 36 male mice were divided into 12 groups including normal control (NC), diabetics control (DC), alginate (DA) and alginate–okra (DAO) groups in three different times by histopathology test on skin tissue. The results of SEC-MALLS analysis showed that alginate as single and homogeneous polysaccharide. The <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectrum showed that the mannuronate/guluronate ratio of the used alginate was 0.91. Alginate, okra fruit extract and their combination were classified as moderate and strong antioxidants. The numbers of fibrocytes, fibroblasts, collagen densities had significantly increased from three to seven days. In contrast, wound width, neutrophil, macrophages had significantly decreased at 14 days. The administration of extracts combination increased the re-epithelization of the wound area and wound-healing process on diabetic mice.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/6082alginate<i>Sargassum duplicatum</i>okraantioxidantdiabeticwound healing |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zulfa Nailul Ilmi Pugar Arga Cristina Wulandari Saikhu Akhmad Husen Dwi Winarni Mochammad Amin Alamsjah Khalijah Awang Marco Vastano Alessandro Pellis Duncan Macquarrie Pratiwi Pudjiastuti |
spellingShingle |
Zulfa Nailul Ilmi Pugar Arga Cristina Wulandari Saikhu Akhmad Husen Dwi Winarni Mochammad Amin Alamsjah Khalijah Awang Marco Vastano Alessandro Pellis Duncan Macquarrie Pratiwi Pudjiastuti Characterization of Alginate from <i>Sargassum duplicatum</i> and the Antioxidant Effect of Alginate–Okra Fruit Extracts Combination for Wound Healing on Diabetic Mice Applied Sciences alginate <i>Sargassum duplicatum</i> okra antioxidant diabetic wound healing |
author_facet |
Zulfa Nailul Ilmi Pugar Arga Cristina Wulandari Saikhu Akhmad Husen Dwi Winarni Mochammad Amin Alamsjah Khalijah Awang Marco Vastano Alessandro Pellis Duncan Macquarrie Pratiwi Pudjiastuti |
author_sort |
Zulfa Nailul Ilmi |
title |
Characterization of Alginate from <i>Sargassum duplicatum</i> and the Antioxidant Effect of Alginate–Okra Fruit Extracts Combination for Wound Healing on Diabetic Mice |
title_short |
Characterization of Alginate from <i>Sargassum duplicatum</i> and the Antioxidant Effect of Alginate–Okra Fruit Extracts Combination for Wound Healing on Diabetic Mice |
title_full |
Characterization of Alginate from <i>Sargassum duplicatum</i> and the Antioxidant Effect of Alginate–Okra Fruit Extracts Combination for Wound Healing on Diabetic Mice |
title_fullStr |
Characterization of Alginate from <i>Sargassum duplicatum</i> and the Antioxidant Effect of Alginate–Okra Fruit Extracts Combination for Wound Healing on Diabetic Mice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization of Alginate from <i>Sargassum duplicatum</i> and the Antioxidant Effect of Alginate–Okra Fruit Extracts Combination for Wound Healing on Diabetic Mice |
title_sort |
characterization of alginate from <i>sargassum duplicatum</i> and the antioxidant effect of alginate–okra fruit extracts combination for wound healing on diabetic mice |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Applied Sciences |
issn |
2076-3417 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood-glucose levels over a prolonged period that causes complications when an open wound is present. Alginate is an antioxidant and a good absorbent of exudates. Okra fruit contains flavonoids that can act as antioxidants. The antioxidant properties of extracts combination reduce blood-glucose levels significantly to accelerate the activities of wound-healing processes on diabetic mice. Alginate was characterized by Size Exclusion Chromatography-Multiple Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), thermal stability and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR). The evaluation of wound healing on 36 male mice were divided into 12 groups including normal control (NC), diabetics control (DC), alginate (DA) and alginate–okra (DAO) groups in three different times by histopathology test on skin tissue. The results of SEC-MALLS analysis showed that alginate as single and homogeneous polysaccharide. The <sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectrum showed that the mannuronate/guluronate ratio of the used alginate was 0.91. Alginate, okra fruit extract and their combination were classified as moderate and strong antioxidants. The numbers of fibrocytes, fibroblasts, collagen densities had significantly increased from three to seven days. In contrast, wound width, neutrophil, macrophages had significantly decreased at 14 days. The administration of extracts combination increased the re-epithelization of the wound area and wound-healing process on diabetic mice. |
topic |
alginate <i>Sargassum duplicatum</i> okra antioxidant diabetic wound healing |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/17/6082 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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