Water, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements – Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 7
A close cooperation between medical teams is necessary when calculating the fluid intake of parenterally fed patients. Fluids supplied parenterally, orally and enterally, other infusions, and additional fluid losses (e.g. diarrhea) must be considered. Targeted diagnostic monitoring (volume status) i...
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2009-11-01
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doaj-4e6cbc6c79b34d51a546e4a93d0c069b2020-11-25T02:02:58ZdeuGerman Medical Science GMS Publishing HouseGMS German Medical Science1612-31742009-11-017Doc21Water, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements – Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 7 Working group for developing the guidelines for parenteral nutrition of The German Association for Nutritional MedicineMuehlhoefer, A.Boehles, H. J.Bischoff, S. C.Biesalski, H. K.A close cooperation between medical teams is necessary when calculating the fluid intake of parenterally fed patients. Fluids supplied parenterally, orally and enterally, other infusions, and additional fluid losses (e.g. diarrhea) must be considered. Targeted diagnostic monitoring (volume status) is required in patients with disturbed water or electrolyte balance. Fluid requirements of adults with normal hydration status is approximately 30–40 ml/kg body weight/d, but fluid needs usually increase during fever. Serum electrolyte concentrations should be determined prior to PN, and patients with normal fluid and electrolyte balance should receive intakes follwing standard recommendations with PN. Additional requirements should usually be administered via separate infusion pumps. Concentrated potassium (1 mval/ml) or 20% NaCl solutions should be infused via a central venous catheter. Electrolyte intake should be adjusted according to the results of regular laboratory analyses. Individual determination of electrolyte intake is required when electrolyte balance is initially altered (e.g. due to chronic diarrhea, recurring vomiting, renal insufficiency etc.). Vitamins and trace elements should be generally substituted in PN, unless there are contraindications. The supplementation of vitamins and trace elements is obligatory after a PN of >1 week. A standard dosage of vitamins and trace elements based on current dietary reference intakes for oral feeding is generally recommended unless certain clinical situations require other intakes.http://www.egms.de/static/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000080.shtmlfluid intaketrace elementszincseleniumvitamins |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
deu |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Working group for developing the guidelines for parenteral nutrition of The German Association for Nutritional Medicine Muehlhoefer, A. Boehles, H. J. Bischoff, S. C. Biesalski, H. K. |
spellingShingle |
Working group for developing the guidelines for parenteral nutrition of The German Association for Nutritional Medicine Muehlhoefer, A. Boehles, H. J. Bischoff, S. C. Biesalski, H. K. Water, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements – Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 7 GMS German Medical Science fluid intake trace elements zinc selenium vitamins |
author_facet |
Working group for developing the guidelines for parenteral nutrition of The German Association for Nutritional Medicine Muehlhoefer, A. Boehles, H. J. Bischoff, S. C. Biesalski, H. K. |
author_sort |
Working group for developing the guidelines for parenteral nutrition of The German Association for Nutritional Medicine |
title |
Water, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements – Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 7 |
title_short |
Water, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements – Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 7 |
title_full |
Water, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements – Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 7 |
title_fullStr |
Water, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements – Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 7 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Water, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements – Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition, Chapter 7 |
title_sort |
water, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements – guidelines on parenteral nutrition, chapter 7 |
publisher |
German Medical Science GMS Publishing House |
series |
GMS German Medical Science |
issn |
1612-3174 |
publishDate |
2009-11-01 |
description |
A close cooperation between medical teams is necessary when calculating the fluid intake of parenterally fed patients. Fluids supplied parenterally, orally and enterally, other infusions, and additional fluid losses (e.g. diarrhea) must be considered. Targeted diagnostic monitoring (volume status) is required in patients with disturbed water or electrolyte balance. Fluid requirements of adults with normal hydration status is approximately 30–40 ml/kg body weight/d, but fluid needs usually increase during fever. Serum electrolyte concentrations should be determined prior to PN, and patients with normal fluid and electrolyte balance should receive intakes follwing standard recommendations with PN. Additional requirements should usually be administered via separate infusion pumps. Concentrated potassium (1 mval/ml) or 20% NaCl solutions should be infused via a central venous catheter. Electrolyte intake should be adjusted according to the results of regular laboratory analyses. Individual determination of electrolyte intake is required when electrolyte balance is initially altered (e.g. due to chronic diarrhea, recurring vomiting, renal insufficiency etc.). Vitamins and trace elements should be generally substituted in PN, unless there are contraindications. The supplementation of vitamins and trace elements is obligatory after a PN of >1 week. A standard dosage of vitamins and trace elements based on current dietary reference intakes for oral feeding is generally recommended unless certain clinical situations require other intakes. |
topic |
fluid intake trace elements zinc selenium vitamins |
url |
http://www.egms.de/static/en/journals/gms/2009-7/000080.shtml |
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