To Switch or not to Switch: Role of Cognitive Control in Working Memory Training in Older Adults

It is currently not known what are the best working memory training strategies to offset the age-related declines in fluid cognitive abilities. In this randomized clinical double-blind trial, older adults were randomly assigned to one of two types of working memory training - one group was trained o...

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Main Authors: Chandramallika eBasak, Margaret A O'Connell
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00230/full
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spelling doaj-4ee6c054e6f84340bd4a9fbf103146ff2020-11-24T22:24:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782016-03-01710.3389/fpsyg.2016.00230174400To Switch or not to Switch: Role of Cognitive Control in Working Memory Training in Older AdultsChandramallika eBasak0Margaret A O'Connell1University of Texas at DallasUniversity of Texas at DallasIt is currently not known what are the best working memory training strategies to offset the age-related declines in fluid cognitive abilities. In this randomized clinical double-blind trial, older adults were randomly assigned to one of two types of working memory training - one group was trained on a predictable memory updating task (PT) and another group was trained on a novel, unpredictable memory updating task (UT). Unpredictable memory updating, compared to predictable, requires greater demands on cognitive control (Basak & Verhaeghen, 2011a). Therefore, the current study allowed us to evaluate the role of cognitive control in working memory training. All participants were assessed on a set of near and far transfer tasks at three different testing sessions - before training, immediately after the training, and 1.5 months after completing the training. Additionally, individual learning rates for a comparison working memory task (performed by both groups) and the trained task were computed. Training on unpredictable memory updating, compared to predictable, significantly enhanced performance on a measure of episodic memory, immediately after the training. Moreover, individuals with faster learning rates showed greater gains in this episodic memory task and another new working memory task; this effect was specific to UT. We propose that the unpredictable memory updating training, compared to predictable memory updating training, may a better strategy to improve selective cognitive abilities in older adults, and future studies could further investigate the role of cognitive control in working memory training.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00230/fullcognitive controlindividual differencesworking memory traininghealthy agingstrategies of training
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Chandramallika eBasak
Margaret A O'Connell
spellingShingle Chandramallika eBasak
Margaret A O'Connell
To Switch or not to Switch: Role of Cognitive Control in Working Memory Training in Older Adults
Frontiers in Psychology
cognitive control
individual differences
working memory training
healthy aging
strategies of training
author_facet Chandramallika eBasak
Margaret A O'Connell
author_sort Chandramallika eBasak
title To Switch or not to Switch: Role of Cognitive Control in Working Memory Training in Older Adults
title_short To Switch or not to Switch: Role of Cognitive Control in Working Memory Training in Older Adults
title_full To Switch or not to Switch: Role of Cognitive Control in Working Memory Training in Older Adults
title_fullStr To Switch or not to Switch: Role of Cognitive Control in Working Memory Training in Older Adults
title_full_unstemmed To Switch or not to Switch: Role of Cognitive Control in Working Memory Training in Older Adults
title_sort to switch or not to switch: role of cognitive control in working memory training in older adults
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Psychology
issn 1664-1078
publishDate 2016-03-01
description It is currently not known what are the best working memory training strategies to offset the age-related declines in fluid cognitive abilities. In this randomized clinical double-blind trial, older adults were randomly assigned to one of two types of working memory training - one group was trained on a predictable memory updating task (PT) and another group was trained on a novel, unpredictable memory updating task (UT). Unpredictable memory updating, compared to predictable, requires greater demands on cognitive control (Basak & Verhaeghen, 2011a). Therefore, the current study allowed us to evaluate the role of cognitive control in working memory training. All participants were assessed on a set of near and far transfer tasks at three different testing sessions - before training, immediately after the training, and 1.5 months after completing the training. Additionally, individual learning rates for a comparison working memory task (performed by both groups) and the trained task were computed. Training on unpredictable memory updating, compared to predictable, significantly enhanced performance on a measure of episodic memory, immediately after the training. Moreover, individuals with faster learning rates showed greater gains in this episodic memory task and another new working memory task; this effect was specific to UT. We propose that the unpredictable memory updating training, compared to predictable memory updating training, may a better strategy to improve selective cognitive abilities in older adults, and future studies could further investigate the role of cognitive control in working memory training.
topic cognitive control
individual differences
working memory training
healthy aging
strategies of training
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00230/full
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