Hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Batlagundu block, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu: conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach

Abstract Water quality assessment is essential to ensure viable safe use of the resources for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes. Deterioration of groundwater quality due to anthropogenic activities is increasing at an alarming rate in most parts of Dindigul district, but limited work ha...

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Main Authors: T. S. R. Umamageswari, D. Sarala Thambavani, Mitu Liviu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2019-01-01
Series:Applied Water Science
Subjects:
Online Access:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13201-018-0890-8
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spelling doaj-4ef22918182b4a14806c6453bd41aef92020-11-25T02:26:33ZengSpringerOpenApplied Water Science2190-54872190-54952019-01-019111510.1007/s13201-018-0890-8Hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Batlagundu block, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu: conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approachT. S. R. Umamageswari0D. Sarala Thambavani1Mitu Liviu2PSNA College of Engineering and TechnologySri Meenakshi Govt Arts College for WomenUniversity of PitestiAbstract Water quality assessment is essential to ensure viable safe use of the resources for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes. Deterioration of groundwater quality due to anthropogenic activities is increasing at an alarming rate in most parts of Dindigul district, but limited work has been carried out on groundwater quality and monitoring. This paper highlights the groundwater quality and compares its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose of Batlagundu block in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu. Eighteen groundwater samples were collected systematically in triplicates during the year 2013–2014. The physical and chemical parameters of the analytical results of groundwater were compared with the standard guideline values recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards and World Health Organization for irrigational suitability, domestic usage. Further hydrogeochemical data have been plotted in standard graphs such as Piper trilinear diagram, US Salinity Laboratory (USSL), Giggenbach triangle diagram and Schoeller diagram. The mathematical models are used to estimate water quality parameters and to describe realistic water situations. It is proved that electrical conductance is an important water quality parameter. Hydrofacies diagram reported that alkaline earths (Ca2+ and Mg2+) significantly exceed the alkalis (Na+ and K+), while acids of (Cl− and HCO3 −) exceed the acids of (SO4 2− and CO3 2−). Therefore, the chemical compositions of the study area were characterized by the Ca–Mg–HCO3 water type and Na–Cl type. USSL diagram of the study area revealed that most of the sampling sites possess high salinity and low-to-medium sodium hazard indicated that water samples are poorly suitable for usual agropurposes. Giggenbach triangular diagram indicated that the samples have not gained equilibrium with their host rocks, presumably due to fact circulation of fluid through the rock features. The present research work thus concludes that groundwater in the study area is chemically unsuitable for domestic and agricultural uses. It is recommended to carry out a continuous water quality monitoring program and development of effective management practices for utilization of water resources.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13201-018-0890-8PiperUSSLGiggenbachSchoellerGroundwaterBatlagundu
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author T. S. R. Umamageswari
D. Sarala Thambavani
Mitu Liviu
spellingShingle T. S. R. Umamageswari
D. Sarala Thambavani
Mitu Liviu
Hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Batlagundu block, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu: conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach
Applied Water Science
Piper
USSL
Giggenbach
Schoeller
Groundwater
Batlagundu
author_facet T. S. R. Umamageswari
D. Sarala Thambavani
Mitu Liviu
author_sort T. S. R. Umamageswari
title Hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Batlagundu block, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu: conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach
title_short Hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Batlagundu block, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu: conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach
title_full Hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Batlagundu block, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu: conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach
title_fullStr Hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Batlagundu block, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu: conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach
title_full_unstemmed Hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of Batlagundu block, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu: conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach
title_sort hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment of batlagundu block, dindigul district, tamil nadu: conventional graphical and multivariate statistical approach
publisher SpringerOpen
series Applied Water Science
issn 2190-5487
2190-5495
publishDate 2019-01-01
description Abstract Water quality assessment is essential to ensure viable safe use of the resources for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes. Deterioration of groundwater quality due to anthropogenic activities is increasing at an alarming rate in most parts of Dindigul district, but limited work has been carried out on groundwater quality and monitoring. This paper highlights the groundwater quality and compares its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose of Batlagundu block in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu. Eighteen groundwater samples were collected systematically in triplicates during the year 2013–2014. The physical and chemical parameters of the analytical results of groundwater were compared with the standard guideline values recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards and World Health Organization for irrigational suitability, domestic usage. Further hydrogeochemical data have been plotted in standard graphs such as Piper trilinear diagram, US Salinity Laboratory (USSL), Giggenbach triangle diagram and Schoeller diagram. The mathematical models are used to estimate water quality parameters and to describe realistic water situations. It is proved that electrical conductance is an important water quality parameter. Hydrofacies diagram reported that alkaline earths (Ca2+ and Mg2+) significantly exceed the alkalis (Na+ and K+), while acids of (Cl− and HCO3 −) exceed the acids of (SO4 2− and CO3 2−). Therefore, the chemical compositions of the study area were characterized by the Ca–Mg–HCO3 water type and Na–Cl type. USSL diagram of the study area revealed that most of the sampling sites possess high salinity and low-to-medium sodium hazard indicated that water samples are poorly suitable for usual agropurposes. Giggenbach triangular diagram indicated that the samples have not gained equilibrium with their host rocks, presumably due to fact circulation of fluid through the rock features. The present research work thus concludes that groundwater in the study area is chemically unsuitable for domestic and agricultural uses. It is recommended to carry out a continuous water quality monitoring program and development of effective management practices for utilization of water resources.
topic Piper
USSL
Giggenbach
Schoeller
Groundwater
Batlagundu
url http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13201-018-0890-8
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AT mituliviu hydrogeochemicalprocessesinthegroundwaterenvironmentofbatlagundublockdindiguldistricttamilnaduconventionalgraphicalandmultivariatestatisticalapproach
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