Fluorescent lamp tungsten filament thermionic emission gun as a novel humidity optical sensor

• Main Authors: Hossein Torabi-Monfared, Leila Sherafat, Mohammad Mahdi Doroodmand, Fazlolah Eshghi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Nature Publishing Group 2021-09-01
• Series: Scientific Reports
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97688-4

Abstract Detecting humidity have been remained a continuing concern within some important areas such as structural health, food processing, industrial as well as agricultural products. In this study, a novel humidity optical sensor is introduced based on the thermionic emission of tungsten filament using the fluorescent lamp set-up. Estimated blue compliant using a charged coupling device camera in optical image of the tungsten filament was confirmed as an appropriate detection system for relative humidity (RH) sensing. The fabricated optical sensor has wide linear range (2.0–98% RH), improved detection limit (< 5.0% RH), acceptable saturated limit (> 99.0% RH), improved percentage of relative standard deviation (4.18%, n = 2), adequate hysteresis (< 4.0% RH) and a shorter rise time (< 5.0 s), respectively. The mechanism behind this detection system is based on the interaction between H2O and tungsten filament during formation of W $${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$$ O 3 .x $${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$$ H 2 O (x = 1–2) in terms of some spectroscopic obtained evidences as well as Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction spectrometries.