Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia in the Lebanese population: potential implication of genetic polymorphism of MMP-9
Abstract Background Toxoplasma multiplication and its persistence into the brain cause a local neuroinflammatory reaction, resulting synthesis of neurotransmitters involved in neurological disorders, especially schizophrenia. The Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) protein can play a major role in thi...
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doaj-4efee868b4fa45c3a5408fd9cb860dc72020-11-25T03:21:21ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2020-05-012011910.1186/s12888-020-02683-0Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia in the Lebanese population: potential implication of genetic polymorphism of MMP-9Amata El Mouhawass0Amale Hammoud1Marouan Zoghbi2Souheil Hallit3Chadia Haddad4Kinda El Haddad5Saydeh El Khoury6Jennifer Tannous7Sahar Obeid8Mohamad Adnan Halabi9Nour Mammari10Medical Laboratory Department, Holy Family UniversityPublic Health Faculty, Jinan UniversityPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossFaculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)Psychiatric Hospital of the CrossMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family UniversityMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family UniversityMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family UniversityPsychiatric Hospital of the CrossMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family UniversityMedical Laboratory Department, Holy Family UniversityAbstract Background Toxoplasma multiplication and its persistence into the brain cause a local neuroinflammatory reaction, resulting synthesis of neurotransmitters involved in neurological disorders, especially schizophrenia. The Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) protein can play a major role in this neuroinflammation. It can promote extravasation and migration of infected immune cells into the brain. The objectives of this study are to determine the possible association between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis and highlight the existence of gene polymorphism encoding MMP-9 protein’s in patients presented both schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 150 patients with schizophrenia (case group), and 150 healthy persons (control group). Groups were matched with age, gender, and place of residence. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire and a serological profile assay for specific IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of gene polymorphism encoding MMP-9 was performed on 83 cases selected randomly. Results Data show a significant association between toxoplasmosis (IgM+/IgG+ serological profile) and schizophrenia. Significant effects of raw meat consumption and contact with cats have been associated with the occurrence of schizophrenia. RT-PCR shows the presence of muted allele of MMP-9 gene in selected cases whose present T. gondii serological profile IgM+/IgG+ and IgM−/IgG+ respectively. Conclusion Toxoplasmosis may be one of the etiological causes of schizophrenia, and MMP-9 gene polymorphism could be involved in the occurrence mechanism of this pathology following Toxoplasma infection.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-020-02683-0ToxoplasmosisSchizophreniaMMP-9 gene polymorphismCNS |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Amata El Mouhawass Amale Hammoud Marouan Zoghbi Souheil Hallit Chadia Haddad Kinda El Haddad Saydeh El Khoury Jennifer Tannous Sahar Obeid Mohamad Adnan Halabi Nour Mammari |
spellingShingle |
Amata El Mouhawass Amale Hammoud Marouan Zoghbi Souheil Hallit Chadia Haddad Kinda El Haddad Saydeh El Khoury Jennifer Tannous Sahar Obeid Mohamad Adnan Halabi Nour Mammari Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia in the Lebanese population: potential implication of genetic polymorphism of MMP-9 BMC Psychiatry Toxoplasmosis Schizophrenia MMP-9 gene polymorphism CNS |
author_facet |
Amata El Mouhawass Amale Hammoud Marouan Zoghbi Souheil Hallit Chadia Haddad Kinda El Haddad Saydeh El Khoury Jennifer Tannous Sahar Obeid Mohamad Adnan Halabi Nour Mammari |
author_sort |
Amata El Mouhawass |
title |
Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia in the Lebanese population: potential implication of genetic polymorphism of MMP-9 |
title_short |
Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia in the Lebanese population: potential implication of genetic polymorphism of MMP-9 |
title_full |
Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia in the Lebanese population: potential implication of genetic polymorphism of MMP-9 |
title_fullStr |
Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia in the Lebanese population: potential implication of genetic polymorphism of MMP-9 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia in the Lebanese population: potential implication of genetic polymorphism of MMP-9 |
title_sort |
relationship between toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and schizophrenia in the lebanese population: potential implication of genetic polymorphism of mmp-9 |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Psychiatry |
issn |
1471-244X |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Toxoplasma multiplication and its persistence into the brain cause a local neuroinflammatory reaction, resulting synthesis of neurotransmitters involved in neurological disorders, especially schizophrenia. The Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) protein can play a major role in this neuroinflammation. It can promote extravasation and migration of infected immune cells into the brain. The objectives of this study are to determine the possible association between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis and highlight the existence of gene polymorphism encoding MMP-9 protein’s in patients presented both schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 150 patients with schizophrenia (case group), and 150 healthy persons (control group). Groups were matched with age, gender, and place of residence. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire and a serological profile assay for specific IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of gene polymorphism encoding MMP-9 was performed on 83 cases selected randomly. Results Data show a significant association between toxoplasmosis (IgM+/IgG+ serological profile) and schizophrenia. Significant effects of raw meat consumption and contact with cats have been associated with the occurrence of schizophrenia. RT-PCR shows the presence of muted allele of MMP-9 gene in selected cases whose present T. gondii serological profile IgM+/IgG+ and IgM−/IgG+ respectively. Conclusion Toxoplasmosis may be one of the etiological causes of schizophrenia, and MMP-9 gene polymorphism could be involved in the occurrence mechanism of this pathology following Toxoplasma infection. |
topic |
Toxoplasmosis Schizophrenia MMP-9 gene polymorphism CNS |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-020-02683-0 |
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