The Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Predictor of the Clincal Coronary Events
Background: The Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) is a simple and an inexpensive tool which can be used to assess the cumulative effect of atherosclerotic risk factors and it is also an independent predictor of the future cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, criticism has been raised throughou...
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doaj-4f0b8fe18b3c4086a69fa1d31a63cb682020-11-25T03:54:23ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2013-06-01761082108510.7860/JCDR/2013/4767.3029The Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Predictor of the Clincal Coronary EventsJinzy Mariam George0Raghavendra Bhat1K. Mohan Pai2Arun S.3Jayakumar Jeganathan4Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal University, India.Professor and HOD, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal University, India.Professor, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal University, India.Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal University, India.Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal University, India.Background: The Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) is a simple and an inexpensive tool which can be used to assess the cumulative effect of atherosclerotic risk factors and it is also an independent predictor of the future cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, criticism has been raised throughout the scientific community, based on the observations which indicated a weak correlation between CIMT and coronary atherosclerosis. It has been suggested by the International Atherosclerosis Project, that the atherosclerotic process occurs at the same time in the carotid, cerebral and the coronary arteries. Measurement of the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) of the Common Carotid Artery (CCA) by B-mode ultrasound was found to be a suitable non-invasive method, to visualize the arterial walls and to monitor the early stages of the atherosclerotic process. Aim: This study sought to determine the usefulness of B-mode ultrasound as a non-invasive marker to examine the association between CIMT and the extent and the severity of coronary artery disease and its association with the cardiovascular risk factors, if any. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among hundred cases and hundred age and sex matched controls who were in the age group of 30-65 years. The cases included those who had undergone coronary angiography. The controls included non-diabetic non-hypertensives with no cardiovascular risk factors. The CIMT was assessed by using a 7MHz linear array transducer. Fasting blood samples were collected for measuring the blood sugar and the lipid profiles. Results: The statistical analysis was done by using the Student’s t test and ANOVA and a p value of <0.001 was considered to be significant. The Average Carotid Intima Media Thickness (AVCIMT) was higher in the cases (0.90 vs 0.47 in controls, p<0.001, very highly significant). The AVCIMT was found to be higher in those with triple vessel disease (1.00mm) >double vessel disease (0.91mm) >single vessel disease (0.82mm) >normal coronaries (0.65mm). Conclusion: The easy applicability and the non invasive nature of B-mode ultrasonography make it suitable for use as a surrogate endpoint for measuring the atherosclerotic burden in people with cardiovascular risk factors. Even in this present study, we found a significant association between the extent of carotid atherosclerosis which was measured by B-mode ultrasound, and the presence, its extent, or the lack of coronary atherosclerosis which was documented by coronary angiography.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/3029/26%20-%204767_PF1(M)_E(C)_F(T)_PF1(M)_PF1(T)_PF1(PUH)_PFA(PUH)_NEW.pdfatherosclerosiscarotidintimacoronary |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jinzy Mariam George Raghavendra Bhat K. Mohan Pai Arun S. Jayakumar Jeganathan |
spellingShingle |
Jinzy Mariam George Raghavendra Bhat K. Mohan Pai Arun S. Jayakumar Jeganathan The Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Predictor of the Clincal Coronary Events Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research atherosclerosis carotid intima coronary |
author_facet |
Jinzy Mariam George Raghavendra Bhat K. Mohan Pai Arun S. Jayakumar Jeganathan |
author_sort |
Jinzy Mariam George |
title |
The Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Predictor of the Clincal Coronary Events |
title_short |
The Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Predictor of the Clincal Coronary Events |
title_full |
The Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Predictor of the Clincal Coronary Events |
title_fullStr |
The Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Predictor of the Clincal Coronary Events |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Carotid Intima Media Thickness: A Predictor of the Clincal Coronary Events |
title_sort |
carotid intima media thickness: a predictor of the clincal coronary events |
publisher |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
series |
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
issn |
2249-782X 0973-709X |
publishDate |
2013-06-01 |
description |
Background: The Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) is a
simple and an inexpensive tool which can be used to assess
the cumulative effect of atherosclerotic risk factors and it is
also an independent predictor of the future cardiovascular risk.
Nevertheless, criticism has been raised throughout the scientific
community, based on the observations which indicated a weak
correlation between CIMT and coronary atherosclerosis.
It has been suggested by the International Atherosclerosis
Project, that the atherosclerotic process occurs at the same time
in the carotid, cerebral and the coronary arteries. Measurement
of the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) of the Common
Carotid Artery (CCA) by B-mode ultrasound was found to be a
suitable non-invasive method, to visualize the arterial walls and
to monitor the early stages of the atherosclerotic process.
Aim: This study sought to determine the usefulness of B-mode
ultrasound as a non-invasive marker to examine the association
between CIMT and the extent and the severity of coronary artery
disease and its association with the cardiovascular risk factors,
if any.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among hundred
cases and hundred age and sex matched controls who were
in the age group of 30-65 years. The cases included those who
had undergone coronary angiography. The controls included
non-diabetic non-hypertensives with no cardiovascular risk
factors. The CIMT was assessed by using a 7MHz linear array
transducer. Fasting blood samples were collected for measuring
the blood sugar and the lipid profiles.
Results: The statistical analysis was done by using the Student’s
t test and ANOVA and a p value of <0.001 was considered to
be significant. The Average Carotid Intima Media Thickness
(AVCIMT) was higher in the cases (0.90 vs 0.47 in controls,
p<0.001, very highly significant). The AVCIMT was found to
be higher in those with triple vessel disease (1.00mm) >double
vessel disease (0.91mm) >single vessel disease (0.82mm)
>normal coronaries (0.65mm).
Conclusion: The easy applicability and the non invasive nature of
B-mode ultrasonography make it suitable for use as a surrogate
endpoint for measuring the atherosclerotic burden in people
with cardiovascular risk factors. Even in this present study, we
found a significant association between the extent of carotid
atherosclerosis which was measured by B-mode ultrasound, and
the presence, its extent, or the lack of coronary atherosclerosis
which was documented by coronary angiography. |
topic |
atherosclerosis carotid intima coronary |
url |
https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/3029/26%20-%204767_PF1(M)_E(C)_F(T)_PF1(M)_PF1(T)_PF1(PUH)_PFA(PUH)_NEW.pdf |
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