The Potential Inhibitory Effect of Sambucus Nigra Fruit on Early Replication of Influenza Virus
Background: Influenza is considered as a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide. In recent years, with the rise of drug-resistant strains, antiviral property of herb natural components with fewer side effects is of great importance. In this study, the potential antiviral activity of Sam...
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Vesnu Publications
2015-11-01
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doaj-4f11af100fb945bba669890d2e2237dc2020-11-24T21:55:11ZfasVesnu Publications مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان1027-75951735-854X2015-11-0133352160716172019The Potential Inhibitory Effect of Sambucus Nigra Fruit on Early Replication of Influenza VirusAmeneh Hasaninejad-Farahani0Shahla Shahsavandi1Mohammad Ebrahimi2Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranAssistant Professor, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, IranAssociate Professor, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IranBackground: Influenza is considered as a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide. In recent years, with the rise of drug-resistant strains, antiviral property of herb natural components with fewer side effects is of great importance. In this study, the potential antiviral activity of Sambucus nigra fruit was evaluated in human epithelium cell (A549) cultures infected with influenza virus. Methods: The aqueous extract of Sambucus nigra fruit was prepared and the cytotoxic concentration of the extract on A549 cells was determined. Subsequently, the 50 percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of various herbal extract concentrations for inhibiting the replication of influenza virus and the selective index (SI) were assessed following pre-treatment (before the virus attachment to cells or direct effect) and post-treatment (after virus absorption to cells or indirect effect) procedures. Inhibitory effect of the herb on virus replication was examined via using virus titration and quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR). Findings: The concentration of 82.6 μg/ml was the threshold dose of the substance that did not cause a cytotoxic effect against the cells. The estimated selective index of the extract before cellular attachment (15.10 μg/ml), increased viral titer as well as synthesized viral nucleoprotein RNAs indicating that the herb had no direct inhibitory effects on viral hemagglutinin activity. In post-treatment, the higher estimated selective index, a significant decrease was seen in virus titer and viral nucleoprotein copy numbers confirming that the herb inhibited virion budding and release activities. Conclusion: The results suggest that Sambucus nigra treatment of the influenza virus infected-human epithelial cells may affect either inhibition of virus particle release or involving in cellular lipid raft function. Mechanism of this interaction will be investigated in future studies.http://jims.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jims/article/view/5182Influenza virusSambucus nigraAntiviral activityEarly replication |
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DOAJ |
language |
fas |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ameneh Hasaninejad-Farahani Shahla Shahsavandi Mohammad Ebrahimi |
spellingShingle |
Ameneh Hasaninejad-Farahani Shahla Shahsavandi Mohammad Ebrahimi The Potential Inhibitory Effect of Sambucus Nigra Fruit on Early Replication of Influenza Virus مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان Influenza virus Sambucus nigra Antiviral activity Early replication |
author_facet |
Ameneh Hasaninejad-Farahani Shahla Shahsavandi Mohammad Ebrahimi |
author_sort |
Ameneh Hasaninejad-Farahani |
title |
The Potential Inhibitory Effect of Sambucus Nigra Fruit on Early Replication of Influenza Virus |
title_short |
The Potential Inhibitory Effect of Sambucus Nigra Fruit on Early Replication of Influenza Virus |
title_full |
The Potential Inhibitory Effect of Sambucus Nigra Fruit on Early Replication of Influenza Virus |
title_fullStr |
The Potential Inhibitory Effect of Sambucus Nigra Fruit on Early Replication of Influenza Virus |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Potential Inhibitory Effect of Sambucus Nigra Fruit on Early Replication of Influenza Virus |
title_sort |
potential inhibitory effect of sambucus nigra fruit on early replication of influenza virus |
publisher |
Vesnu Publications |
series |
مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان |
issn |
1027-7595 1735-854X |
publishDate |
2015-11-01 |
description |
Background: Influenza is considered as a serious threat to human and animal health worldwide. In recent years, with the rise of drug-resistant strains, antiviral property of herb natural components with fewer side effects is of great importance. In this study, the potential antiviral activity of Sambucus nigra fruit was evaluated in human epithelium cell (A549) cultures infected with influenza virus.
Methods: The aqueous extract of Sambucus nigra fruit was prepared and the cytotoxic concentration of the extract on A549 cells was determined. Subsequently, the 50 percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of various herbal extract concentrations for inhibiting the replication of influenza virus and the selective index (SI) were assessed following pre-treatment (before the virus attachment to cells or direct effect) and post-treatment (after virus absorption to cells or indirect effect) procedures. Inhibitory effect of the herb on virus replication was examined via using virus titration and quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR).
Findings: The concentration of 82.6 μg/ml was the threshold dose of the substance that did not cause a cytotoxic effect against the cells. The estimated selective index of the extract before cellular attachment (15.10 μg/ml), increased viral titer as well as synthesized viral nucleoprotein RNAs indicating that the herb had no direct inhibitory effects on viral hemagglutinin activity. In post-treatment, the higher estimated selective index, a significant decrease was seen in virus titer and viral nucleoprotein copy numbers confirming that the herb inhibited virion budding and release activities.
Conclusion: The results suggest that Sambucus nigra treatment of the influenza virus infected-human epithelial cells may affect either inhibition of virus particle release or involving in cellular lipid raft function. Mechanism of this interaction will be investigated in future studies. |
topic |
Influenza virus Sambucus nigra Antiviral activity Early replication |
url |
http://jims.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jims/article/view/5182 |
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