Arterial Compliance and Autonomic Functions in Adult Male Smokers
Introduction: Smoking is known to augment sympathetic activity and may lead to increased arterial stiffness. Several studies have reported association of increased sympathetic activity and arterial stiffness to cardiovascular risks among smokers. Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) of peripheral arteries,...
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doaj-4f1cc9c788354ba09164a83f0fe4901b2020-11-25T02:51:30ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2016-05-01105CC12CC1610.7860/JCDR/2016/19547.7831Arterial Compliance and Autonomic Functions in Adult Male SmokersSukhmani Saini0Yogesh Saxena1Rani Gupta2Senior Resident, Department of Physiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU, Dehradun, India.Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU, Dehradun, India.Professor and Head of Department, Department of Physiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU, Dehradun, India.Introduction: Smoking is known to augment sympathetic activity and may lead to increased arterial stiffness. Several studies have reported association of increased sympathetic activity and arterial stiffness to cardiovascular risks among smokers. Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) of peripheral arteries, instead of aorta can be used as a non-invasive indicator of arterial stiffness. Aim: To measure non-invasively, the autonomic functions and peripheral arterial stiffness in smokers, and to find out whether the aforementioned factors are modified by the level of physical activity in these smokers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, HIMS, Dehradun, over a period of 12 months (2013-2014) on 100 adult males (20-40 years); 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers. The parameters analysed include relevant anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters, Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV), sustained Hand Grip Test (HGT) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) domains. Data interpretation and analysis was carried out using SPSS 17.0. Comparison of the above mentioned parameters amongst groups was done with unpaired t-test. The relationship of pack-years & physical activity with vascular functions was assessed by Pearson’s correlation. Interaction of various grades of smoking and physical activity with Cardiovascular System (CVS) parameters was assessed by one-way ANOVA. Results: Smokers had higher values of PWV (5.7±0.5m/s) as compared to non-smokers (4.8±0.4m/s) (p<0.001). ∆DBP during HGT was lower (7±3.18mmHg) among smokers as compared to non-smokers (19.4±3.5mmHg) (p<0.001). Smoking (packyears) was positively related to PWV (r= .03) but showed a weak negative relationship with change in Diastolic Blood Pressure (∆DBP) (r= -0.084, p=0.56) showing that, more the frequency of smoking, the more was arterial stiffening and the lesser was the sympathetic response to the HGT. The smokers had significantly higher sympathetic activity; Low Frequency (LF) & Low Frequency: High Frequency ratio (LF: HF) (p<.001) whereas High Frequency (HF) was significantly lower (p<.001) showing a decline in parasympathetic activity. Conclusion: Smokers demonstrated higher peripheral PWV and higher intrinsic sympathetic activity and this increase in intrinsic sympathetic activity may lead to increased arterial stiffness. Interaction of autonomic function and PWV with levels of physical activity and grades of smoking showed no significant differences, suggesting the fact that increased physical activity or reduced smoking may not have any effect on the endothelial dysfunction or CVS morbidity caused by smoking.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/7831/19547_CE(RA1)_F(T)_PF1(ROAK)_PFA(AK)_PF2(PAG).pdfarterial stiffnesspulse wave velocitysympathetic dysfunction |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sukhmani Saini Yogesh Saxena Rani Gupta |
spellingShingle |
Sukhmani Saini Yogesh Saxena Rani Gupta Arterial Compliance and Autonomic Functions in Adult Male Smokers Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research arterial stiffness pulse wave velocity sympathetic dysfunction |
author_facet |
Sukhmani Saini Yogesh Saxena Rani Gupta |
author_sort |
Sukhmani Saini |
title |
Arterial Compliance and Autonomic Functions in Adult Male Smokers |
title_short |
Arterial Compliance and Autonomic Functions in Adult Male Smokers |
title_full |
Arterial Compliance and Autonomic Functions in Adult Male Smokers |
title_fullStr |
Arterial Compliance and Autonomic Functions in Adult Male Smokers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Arterial Compliance and Autonomic Functions in Adult Male Smokers |
title_sort |
arterial compliance and autonomic functions in adult male smokers |
publisher |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
series |
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
issn |
2249-782X 0973-709X |
publishDate |
2016-05-01 |
description |
Introduction: Smoking is known to augment sympathetic activity
and may lead to increased arterial stiffness. Several studies
have reported association of increased sympathetic activity and
arterial stiffness to cardiovascular risks among smokers. Pulse
Wave Velocity (PWV) of peripheral arteries, instead of aorta can
be used as a non-invasive indicator of arterial stiffness.
Aim: To measure non-invasively, the autonomic functions and
peripheral arterial stiffness in smokers, and to find out whether
the aforementioned factors are modified by the level of physical
activity in these smokers.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical
study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, HIMS,
Dehradun, over a period of 12 months (2013-2014) on 100
adult males (20-40 years); 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers.
The parameters analysed include relevant anthropometric
and cardiovascular parameters, Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV),
sustained Hand Grip Test (HGT) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
domains. Data interpretation and analysis was carried out using
SPSS 17.0. Comparison of the above mentioned parameters
amongst groups was done with unpaired t-test. The relationship
of pack-years & physical activity with vascular functions was
assessed by Pearson’s correlation. Interaction of various grades
of smoking and physical activity with Cardiovascular System
(CVS) parameters was assessed by one-way ANOVA.
Results: Smokers had higher values of PWV (5.7±0.5m/s) as
compared to non-smokers (4.8±0.4m/s) (p<0.001). ∆DBP during
HGT was lower (7±3.18mmHg) among smokers as compared
to non-smokers (19.4±3.5mmHg) (p<0.001). Smoking (packyears) was positively related to PWV (r= .03) but showed a weak
negative relationship with change in Diastolic Blood Pressure
(∆DBP) (r= -0.084, p=0.56) showing that, more the frequency
of smoking, the more was arterial stiffening and the lesser
was the sympathetic response to the HGT. The smokers had
significantly higher sympathetic activity; Low Frequency (LF) &
Low Frequency: High Frequency ratio (LF: HF) (p<.001) whereas
High Frequency (HF) was significantly lower (p<.001) showing a
decline in parasympathetic activity.
Conclusion: Smokers demonstrated higher peripheral PWV
and higher intrinsic sympathetic activity and this increase in
intrinsic sympathetic activity may lead to increased arterial
stiffness. Interaction of autonomic function and PWV with levels
of physical activity and grades of smoking showed no significant
differences, suggesting the fact that increased physical activity
or reduced smoking may not have any effect on the endothelial
dysfunction or CVS morbidity caused by smoking. |
topic |
arterial stiffness pulse wave velocity sympathetic dysfunction |
url |
https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/7831/19547_CE(RA1)_F(T)_PF1(ROAK)_PFA(AK)_PF2(PAG).pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sukhmanisaini arterialcomplianceandautonomicfunctionsinadultmalesmokers AT yogeshsaxena arterialcomplianceandautonomicfunctionsinadultmalesmokers AT ranigupta arterialcomplianceandautonomicfunctionsinadultmalesmokers |
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