Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora
Background: Constipation, mainly characterized by the difficulty in defecation, is a clinical symptom caused by a variety of factors. It can be manifested as normal or slow colonic transport abnormalities, which can occur alone or concurrently with defecation disorders. As there is not uniform defin...
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doaj-4f3afebd61c94bd1ada83ba250d5599a2021-05-20T07:45:10ZengElsevierBiomedicine & Pharmacotherapy0753-33222021-06-01138111479Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal floraChen-Chen Gao0Guang-Wen Li1Tian-Tian Wang2Lei Gao3Fei-Fei Wang4Hong-Wei Shang5Ze-Jun Yang6Yue-Xin Guo7Bo-Ya Wang8Jing-Dong Xu9Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Bioinformatics, College of Bioengineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaExperimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaDepartment of Oral Medicine, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, ChinaUndergraduate Student of 2018 Eight Program of Clinical Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100081, ChinaDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Correspondence to: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10069, China.Background: Constipation, mainly characterized by the difficulty in defecation, is a clinical symptom caused by a variety of factors. It can be manifested as normal or slow colonic transport abnormalities, which can occur alone or concurrently with defecation disorders. As there is not uniform definition and assessment standard, no clear plan could be used for the treatment of constipation. Although rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine, plays a therapeutic role in diseases involving constipation symptoms, the detailed mechanism of it in treating constipation remains unclear. Methods: A model of constipation-induced by diphenoxylate was prepared. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), calnexin and chymase in colon. Western blotting was used to detect changes of tryptase and calnexin in the colon. And real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to detect the changes of immunoglobulin-binding protein (Bip), X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) of colonic goblet cells in mRNA levels. ELISA and biochemical kits were utilized to detect the changes of MUC2, Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), acetylcholine, histamine and C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in the colon. And the changes of colonic mucosa and intestinal flora of constipation model mice caused by rhubarb extract (RE) were analyzed to identify the mechanism of RE on the treatment of constipation. Results: RE promotes the secretion of colonic mucus by recruiting mast cells and enhancing the content of histamine and Ach in the mice colon. In the process, RE causes up-regulation of Bip and CHOP mRNA expression and down-regulation of Xbp1 and Xbp1s mRNA expression that induces ER stress of colonic epithelium associated with changes in the intestinal flora diversity and short-chain fatty acids content. Conclusion: RE could relieve constipation by promoting the secretion of colonic mucus via mast cells activation and improving the intestinal microenvironment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S075333222100264XRhubarb extractColonic mucusConstipationIntestinal floraShort-chain fatty acids |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chen-Chen Gao Guang-Wen Li Tian-Tian Wang Lei Gao Fei-Fei Wang Hong-Wei Shang Ze-Jun Yang Yue-Xin Guo Bo-Ya Wang Jing-Dong Xu |
spellingShingle |
Chen-Chen Gao Guang-Wen Li Tian-Tian Wang Lei Gao Fei-Fei Wang Hong-Wei Shang Ze-Jun Yang Yue-Xin Guo Bo-Ya Wang Jing-Dong Xu Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Rhubarb extract Colonic mucus Constipation Intestinal flora Short-chain fatty acids |
author_facet |
Chen-Chen Gao Guang-Wen Li Tian-Tian Wang Lei Gao Fei-Fei Wang Hong-Wei Shang Ze-Jun Yang Yue-Xin Guo Bo-Ya Wang Jing-Dong Xu |
author_sort |
Chen-Chen Gao |
title |
Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora |
title_short |
Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora |
title_full |
Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora |
title_fullStr |
Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora |
title_sort |
rhubarb extract relieves constipation by stimulating mucus production in the colon and altering the intestinal flora |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy |
issn |
0753-3322 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Background: Constipation, mainly characterized by the difficulty in defecation, is a clinical symptom caused by a variety of factors. It can be manifested as normal or slow colonic transport abnormalities, which can occur alone or concurrently with defecation disorders. As there is not uniform definition and assessment standard, no clear plan could be used for the treatment of constipation. Although rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine, plays a therapeutic role in diseases involving constipation symptoms, the detailed mechanism of it in treating constipation remains unclear. Methods: A model of constipation-induced by diphenoxylate was prepared. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), calnexin and chymase in colon. Western blotting was used to detect changes of tryptase and calnexin in the colon. And real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to detect the changes of immunoglobulin-binding protein (Bip), X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) of colonic goblet cells in mRNA levels. ELISA and biochemical kits were utilized to detect the changes of MUC2, Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), acetylcholine, histamine and C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) in the colon. And the changes of colonic mucosa and intestinal flora of constipation model mice caused by rhubarb extract (RE) were analyzed to identify the mechanism of RE on the treatment of constipation. Results: RE promotes the secretion of colonic mucus by recruiting mast cells and enhancing the content of histamine and Ach in the mice colon. In the process, RE causes up-regulation of Bip and CHOP mRNA expression and down-regulation of Xbp1 and Xbp1s mRNA expression that induces ER stress of colonic epithelium associated with changes in the intestinal flora diversity and short-chain fatty acids content. Conclusion: RE could relieve constipation by promoting the secretion of colonic mucus via mast cells activation and improving the intestinal microenvironment. |
topic |
Rhubarb extract Colonic mucus Constipation Intestinal flora Short-chain fatty acids |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S075333222100264X |
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