Temporal variations of magma composition, eruption style and rate at Fuji Volcano, Japan
Abstract Mt. Fuji is an active basaltic volcano near the Tokyo metropolitan area; future eruptions could thus have serious nationwide impacts. To better understand recent volcanism at Fuji Volcano, we here clarify temporal variations of eruption rate and magma composition since 5.6 ka based on time-...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01505-1 |
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doaj-4feaf5391bab4a3c9a24de0733efeae62021-08-29T11:33:19ZengSpringerOpenEarth, Planets and Space1880-59812021-08-017311910.1186/s40623-021-01505-1Temporal variations of magma composition, eruption style and rate at Fuji Volcano, JapanTakahiro Yamamoto0Shun Nakano1Yoshihiro Ishizuka2Geological Survey of Japan, AISTGeological Survey of Japan, AISTGeological Survey of Japan, AISTAbstract Mt. Fuji is an active basaltic volcano near the Tokyo metropolitan area; future eruptions could thus have serious nationwide impacts. To better understand recent volcanism at Fuji Volcano, we here clarify temporal variations of eruption rate and magma composition since 5.6 ka based on time-series volumetric and geochemical data of eruptive products in a new stratigraphic sequence. Volcanic activity during the studied period consisted of (i) the emission of many lava flows that formed a new volcanic edifice between 5.6 and 3.45 ka, (ii) a period dominated by explosive events both at the summit and on the flanks of the volcano between 3.45 and 2.25 ka, and (iii) a period dominated by flank fissure eruptions since 2.25 ka. The eruption rate (dense-rock equivalent, DRE) was 3.5 km3 DRE/kyr during the edifice-building period, decreased to 0.8 km3 DRE/kyr during the explosive period, and then increased to 2.0 km3 DRE/kyr since 1.5 ka. Erupted magmas were dominantly basaltic and geochemically similar through time, except for increased Sr contents and decreased Ca/Sr ratios during the explosive period. Similarly, the geochemical properties of the parental magmas did not change greatly, although the Sr contents and Ca/Sr ratios of magmas erupted during the explosive period reflect the delayed fractionation of plagioclase due to the increased water contents of the parental magmas at that time.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01505-1Fuji VolcanoEruptive historyEruption rateMagma compositionJapan |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Takahiro Yamamoto Shun Nakano Yoshihiro Ishizuka |
spellingShingle |
Takahiro Yamamoto Shun Nakano Yoshihiro Ishizuka Temporal variations of magma composition, eruption style and rate at Fuji Volcano, Japan Earth, Planets and Space Fuji Volcano Eruptive history Eruption rate Magma composition Japan |
author_facet |
Takahiro Yamamoto Shun Nakano Yoshihiro Ishizuka |
author_sort |
Takahiro Yamamoto |
title |
Temporal variations of magma composition, eruption style and rate at Fuji Volcano, Japan |
title_short |
Temporal variations of magma composition, eruption style and rate at Fuji Volcano, Japan |
title_full |
Temporal variations of magma composition, eruption style and rate at Fuji Volcano, Japan |
title_fullStr |
Temporal variations of magma composition, eruption style and rate at Fuji Volcano, Japan |
title_full_unstemmed |
Temporal variations of magma composition, eruption style and rate at Fuji Volcano, Japan |
title_sort |
temporal variations of magma composition, eruption style and rate at fuji volcano, japan |
publisher |
SpringerOpen |
series |
Earth, Planets and Space |
issn |
1880-5981 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Abstract Mt. Fuji is an active basaltic volcano near the Tokyo metropolitan area; future eruptions could thus have serious nationwide impacts. To better understand recent volcanism at Fuji Volcano, we here clarify temporal variations of eruption rate and magma composition since 5.6 ka based on time-series volumetric and geochemical data of eruptive products in a new stratigraphic sequence. Volcanic activity during the studied period consisted of (i) the emission of many lava flows that formed a new volcanic edifice between 5.6 and 3.45 ka, (ii) a period dominated by explosive events both at the summit and on the flanks of the volcano between 3.45 and 2.25 ka, and (iii) a period dominated by flank fissure eruptions since 2.25 ka. The eruption rate (dense-rock equivalent, DRE) was 3.5 km3 DRE/kyr during the edifice-building period, decreased to 0.8 km3 DRE/kyr during the explosive period, and then increased to 2.0 km3 DRE/kyr since 1.5 ka. Erupted magmas were dominantly basaltic and geochemically similar through time, except for increased Sr contents and decreased Ca/Sr ratios during the explosive period. Similarly, the geochemical properties of the parental magmas did not change greatly, although the Sr contents and Ca/Sr ratios of magmas erupted during the explosive period reflect the delayed fractionation of plagioclase due to the increased water contents of the parental magmas at that time. |
topic |
Fuji Volcano Eruptive history Eruption rate Magma composition Japan |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-021-01505-1 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT takahiroyamamoto temporalvariationsofmagmacompositioneruptionstyleandrateatfujivolcanojapan AT shunnakano temporalvariationsofmagmacompositioneruptionstyleandrateatfujivolcanojapan AT yoshihiroishizuka temporalvariationsofmagmacompositioneruptionstyleandrateatfujivolcanojapan |
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1721186696346730496 |