Second-order slip effect on bio-convectional viscoelastic nanofluid flow through a stretching cylinder with swimming microorganisms and melting phenomenon

• Main Authors: Hassan Waqas, Umar Farooq, Zahir Shah, Poom Kumam, Meshal Shutaywi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Nature Publishing Group 2021-05-01
• Series: Scientific Reports
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90671-z

Abstract The uses of nanofluid in cooling technology is growing. The nanofluid is made up of metallic and nonmetallic particles that are distributed in a base fluid. This research provides a summary of fuel cell models, uses, and how they function. Researchers have made significant contributions in the following era due to the importance of bioconvection in nanotechnology and a variety of biological systems. The idea of the recent work is to evaluate the aspects of the Cattaneo–Christov (C–C) heat and mass flux model, the second-order boundary with melting phenomenon on the bioconvective flow of viscoelastic nanofluid across a cylinder. The nature of the activation energy, thermal conductivity is also taken into account. Appropriate similarity transformations are utilized to reframe the PDEs of the modeled system into a system of ODEs. The governing equations for the renovated system of ODEs are treated by a shooting function. Here bvp4c built-in function computational tool MATLAB is used. The two-dimensional flow has ceased application in several areas, such as polymer industry, material synthesis technology, nano-biopolymer computer graphics processing, industry, mechanical engineering, airplane structures, and scientific research, which is much more useful in nanotechnology. The results of emerging important flow-field parameters are investigated with the aid of graphs and numerical results.