Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae
Tenebrio molitor larvae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are capable of depolymerizing and biodegrading polystyrene and polyethylene. We tested for biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in T. molitor larvae using rigid PVC microplastic powders (MPs) (70–150 μm) with weight-, number-, and size-averag...
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doaj-50542f222e9e4536b162ebcee24759012020-11-25T01:59:37ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202020-12-01145106106Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvaeBo-Yu Peng0Zhibin Chen1Jiabin Chen2Huarong Yu3Xuefei Zhou4Craig S. Criddle5Wei-Min Wu6Yalei Zhang7State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United StatesState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United StatesDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, William & Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery Center, Center for Sustainable Development & Global Competitiveness, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United States; Corresponding authors.State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Corresponding authors.Tenebrio molitor larvae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are capable of depolymerizing and biodegrading polystyrene and polyethylene. We tested for biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in T. molitor larvae using rigid PVC microplastic powders (MPs) (70–150 μm) with weight-, number-, and size-average molecular weights (Mw, Mn and Mz) of 143,800, 82,200 and 244,900 Da, respectively, as sole diet at 25 °C. The ingestion rate was 36.62 ± 6.79 mg MPs 100 larvae-1 d-1 during a 16-day period. The egested frass contained about 34.6% of residual PVC polymer, and chlorinated organic carbons. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis indicated a decrease in the Mw, Mn and Mz by 33.4%, 32.8%, and 36.4%, respectively, demonstrating broad depolymerization. Biodegradation and oxidation of the PVC MPs was supported by the formation of OC and OC functional groups using frontier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and by significant changes in the thermal characteristics using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Chloride released was counted as about 2.9% of the PVC ingested, indicating limited mineralization of the PVC MPs. T. molitor larvae survived with PVC as sole diet at up to 80% over 5 weeks but did not complete their life cycle with a low survival rate of 39% in three months. With PVC plus co-diet wheat bran (1:5, w/w), they completed growth and pupation as same as bran only in 91 days. Suppression of gut microbes with the antibiotic gentamicin severely inhibited PVC depolymerization, indicating that the PVC depolymerization/biodegradation was gut microbe-dependent. Significant population shifts and clustering in the gut microbiome and unique OTUs were observed after PVC MPs consumption. The results indicated that T. molitor larvae are capable of performing broad depolymerization/biodegradation but limited mineralization of PVC MPs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412020320614Polyvinyl ChlorideBiodegradationDepolymerizationTenebrio molitor |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bo-Yu Peng Zhibin Chen Jiabin Chen Huarong Yu Xuefei Zhou Craig S. Criddle Wei-Min Wu Yalei Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Bo-Yu Peng Zhibin Chen Jiabin Chen Huarong Yu Xuefei Zhou Craig S. Criddle Wei-Min Wu Yalei Zhang Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae Environment International Polyvinyl Chloride Biodegradation Depolymerization Tenebrio molitor |
author_facet |
Bo-Yu Peng Zhibin Chen Jiabin Chen Huarong Yu Xuefei Zhou Craig S. Criddle Wei-Min Wu Yalei Zhang |
author_sort |
Bo-Yu Peng |
title |
Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae |
title_short |
Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae |
title_full |
Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae |
title_fullStr |
Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae |
title_full_unstemmed |
Biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae |
title_sort |
biodegradation of polyvinyl chloride (pvc) in tenebrio molitor (coleoptera: tenebrionidae) larvae |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Environment International |
issn |
0160-4120 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
Tenebrio molitor larvae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) are capable of depolymerizing and biodegrading polystyrene and polyethylene. We tested for biodegradation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in T. molitor larvae using rigid PVC microplastic powders (MPs) (70–150 μm) with weight-, number-, and size-average molecular weights (Mw, Mn and Mz) of 143,800, 82,200 and 244,900 Da, respectively, as sole diet at 25 °C. The ingestion rate was 36.62 ± 6.79 mg MPs 100 larvae-1 d-1 during a 16-day period. The egested frass contained about 34.6% of residual PVC polymer, and chlorinated organic carbons. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis indicated a decrease in the Mw, Mn and Mz by 33.4%, 32.8%, and 36.4%, respectively, demonstrating broad depolymerization. Biodegradation and oxidation of the PVC MPs was supported by the formation of OC and OC functional groups using frontier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and by significant changes in the thermal characteristics using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Chloride released was counted as about 2.9% of the PVC ingested, indicating limited mineralization of the PVC MPs. T. molitor larvae survived with PVC as sole diet at up to 80% over 5 weeks but did not complete their life cycle with a low survival rate of 39% in three months. With PVC plus co-diet wheat bran (1:5, w/w), they completed growth and pupation as same as bran only in 91 days. Suppression of gut microbes with the antibiotic gentamicin severely inhibited PVC depolymerization, indicating that the PVC depolymerization/biodegradation was gut microbe-dependent. Significant population shifts and clustering in the gut microbiome and unique OTUs were observed after PVC MPs consumption. The results indicated that T. molitor larvae are capable of performing broad depolymerization/biodegradation but limited mineralization of PVC MPs. |
topic |
Polyvinyl Chloride Biodegradation Depolymerization Tenebrio molitor |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412020320614 |
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