Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation
Severe polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of pati...
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doaj-50d5cb14e8e64e81a33b3e6ff03aa2a32021-03-31T23:03:39ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-03-011152252210.3390/biom11040522Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced InflammationSarah A. Walsh0Benjamin W. Hoyt1Cassie J. Rowe2Devaveena Dey3Thomas A. Davis4USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAUSU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAUSU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAUSU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAUSU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USASevere polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of patients, have not been reported. Current circulating markers such as IL-6 and IL-10 are broad, non-specific, and lag behind the clinical course of patients. General blockade of the inflammatory response is detrimental to patients, as a certain degree of regulated inflammation is critical and necessary following trauma. Exosomes, small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, found in a variety of biofluids, carry within them a complex functional cargo, comprised of coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Composition of circulating exosomal cargo is modulated by changes in the intra- and extracellular microenvironment, thereby serving as a homeostasis sensor. With its extensively documented involvement in immune regulation in multiple pathologies, study of exosomal cargo in polytrauma patients can provide critical insights on trauma-specific, temporal immune dysregulation, with tremendous potential to serve as unique biomarkers and therapeutic targets for timely and precise intervention.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/4/522exosomesextracellular vesiclesintercellular communicationinflammationtrauma |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sarah A. Walsh Benjamin W. Hoyt Cassie J. Rowe Devaveena Dey Thomas A. Davis |
spellingShingle |
Sarah A. Walsh Benjamin W. Hoyt Cassie J. Rowe Devaveena Dey Thomas A. Davis Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation Biomolecules exosomes extracellular vesicles intercellular communication inflammation trauma |
author_facet |
Sarah A. Walsh Benjamin W. Hoyt Cassie J. Rowe Devaveena Dey Thomas A. Davis |
author_sort |
Sarah A. Walsh |
title |
Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation |
title_short |
Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation |
title_full |
Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation |
title_fullStr |
Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation |
title_sort |
alarming cargo: the role of exosomes in trauma-induced inflammation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Biomolecules |
issn |
2218-273X |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Severe polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of patients, have not been reported. Current circulating markers such as IL-6 and IL-10 are broad, non-specific, and lag behind the clinical course of patients. General blockade of the inflammatory response is detrimental to patients, as a certain degree of regulated inflammation is critical and necessary following trauma. Exosomes, small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, found in a variety of biofluids, carry within them a complex functional cargo, comprised of coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Composition of circulating exosomal cargo is modulated by changes in the intra- and extracellular microenvironment, thereby serving as a homeostasis sensor. With its extensively documented involvement in immune regulation in multiple pathologies, study of exosomal cargo in polytrauma patients can provide critical insights on trauma-specific, temporal immune dysregulation, with tremendous potential to serve as unique biomarkers and therapeutic targets for timely and precise intervention. |
topic |
exosomes extracellular vesicles intercellular communication inflammation trauma |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/4/522 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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