Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation

Severe polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of pati...

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Main Authors: Sarah A. Walsh, Benjamin W. Hoyt, Cassie J. Rowe, Devaveena Dey, Thomas A. Davis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-03-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/4/522
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spelling doaj-50d5cb14e8e64e81a33b3e6ff03aa2a32021-03-31T23:03:39ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-03-011152252210.3390/biom11040522Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced InflammationSarah A. Walsh0Benjamin W. Hoyt1Cassie J. Rowe2Devaveena Dey3Thomas A. Davis4USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAUSU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAUSU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAUSU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USAUSU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USASevere polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of patients, have not been reported. Current circulating markers such as IL-6 and IL-10 are broad, non-specific, and lag behind the clinical course of patients. General blockade of the inflammatory response is detrimental to patients, as a certain degree of regulated inflammation is critical and necessary following trauma. Exosomes, small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, found in a variety of biofluids, carry within them a complex functional cargo, comprised of coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Composition of circulating exosomal cargo is modulated by changes in the intra- and extracellular microenvironment, thereby serving as a homeostasis sensor. With its extensively documented involvement in immune regulation in multiple pathologies, study of exosomal cargo in polytrauma patients can provide critical insights on trauma-specific, temporal immune dysregulation, with tremendous potential to serve as unique biomarkers and therapeutic targets for timely and precise intervention.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/4/522exosomesextracellular vesiclesintercellular communicationinflammationtrauma
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Sarah A. Walsh
Benjamin W. Hoyt
Cassie J. Rowe
Devaveena Dey
Thomas A. Davis
spellingShingle Sarah A. Walsh
Benjamin W. Hoyt
Cassie J. Rowe
Devaveena Dey
Thomas A. Davis
Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation
Biomolecules
exosomes
extracellular vesicles
intercellular communication
inflammation
trauma
author_facet Sarah A. Walsh
Benjamin W. Hoyt
Cassie J. Rowe
Devaveena Dey
Thomas A. Davis
author_sort Sarah A. Walsh
title Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation
title_short Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation
title_full Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation
title_fullStr Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation
title_full_unstemmed Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation
title_sort alarming cargo: the role of exosomes in trauma-induced inflammation
publisher MDPI AG
series Biomolecules
issn 2218-273X
publishDate 2021-03-01
description Severe polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of patients, have not been reported. Current circulating markers such as IL-6 and IL-10 are broad, non-specific, and lag behind the clinical course of patients. General blockade of the inflammatory response is detrimental to patients, as a certain degree of regulated inflammation is critical and necessary following trauma. Exosomes, small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, found in a variety of biofluids, carry within them a complex functional cargo, comprised of coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Composition of circulating exosomal cargo is modulated by changes in the intra- and extracellular microenvironment, thereby serving as a homeostasis sensor. With its extensively documented involvement in immune regulation in multiple pathologies, study of exosomal cargo in polytrauma patients can provide critical insights on trauma-specific, temporal immune dysregulation, with tremendous potential to serve as unique biomarkers and therapeutic targets for timely and precise intervention.
topic exosomes
extracellular vesicles
intercellular communication
inflammation
trauma
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/4/522
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AT devaveenadey alarmingcargotheroleofexosomesintraumainducedinflammation
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